Serum pepsinogen level as a biomarker for atrophy, reflux esophagitis, and gastric cancer screening in Indonesia.

Background: Chronic dyspepsia's symptoms are frequently seen in primary to tertiary healthcare in Indonesia. This study aimed to describe the potential usability of pepsinogen (PG) values in determining gastric mucosal conditions, including superficial gastritis and atrophic gastritis.

Materials And Methods: We recruited 646 adult dyspeptic patients and then analyzed PG values (including PGI, PGII, and PGI/II ratio) with endoscopic findings, gastric mucosal damages, and infection.

A comprehensive evaluation of an animal model for Helicobacter pylori-associated stomach cancer: Fact and controversy.

Even though Helicobacter pylori infection was the most causative factor of gastric cancer, numerous in vivo studies failed to induce gastric cancer using H. pylori infection only. The utilization of established animal studies in cancer research is crucial as they aim to investigate the coincidental association between suspected oncogenes and pathogenesis as well as generate models for the development and testing of potential treatments.

Analysis of gastric microbiota and Helicobacter pylori infection in gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Background: We evaluated the microbiota in the stomach of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) patients. We compared Erosive Reflux Disease (ERD) to gastritis and Non-erosive Reflux Disease (NERD) subjects by 16S rRNA approach on gastric biopsy specimens. A total of 197 subjects were included consisting of gastritis (68; 34.

Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Study of Isolates from Myanmar and Their Susceptibility to Antibiotics.

Evaluation of resistance to antibiotics is crucial for treatment strategy in Myanmar. Moreover, the genetic mechanisms involved remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of infection, antibiotic resistance, and genetic mechanisms in Myanmar.

Characterization of Helicobacter pylori tlyA and Its Association with Bacterial Density.

Background: In the recent studies, a less virulent Helicobacter pylori variant could still colonize the human stomach and induce gastric inflammation, suggesting the involvement of other virulence factors, such as TlyA hemolysin. Nevertheless, the association of TlyA in the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection remains unclear.

Pepsinogen and Serum IgG Detection Is a Valuable Diagnostic Method for Infection in a Low-Prevalence Country: A Report from Sri Lanka.

The use of serum anti- IgG and pepsinogen (PG) detection as a diagnostic method was evaluated in Sri Lanka. Gastric biopsies were performed (353 patients), and the prevalence of infection was 1.7% (culture) and 2.

BabA-SabA Key Roles in the Adherence Phase: The Synergic Mechanism for Successful Colonization and Disease Development.

is a pathogenic microorganism that successfully inhabits the human stomach, colonizing it by producing several virulence factors responsible for preventing host self-defense mechanisms. The adherence mechanism to gastric mucosal tissue is one of the most important processes for effective colonization in the stomach. The blood group antigen-binding adhesion (BabA) and sialic acid-binding adherence (SabA) are two outer membrane proteins able to interact with antigens in the gastroduodenal tract.

Diagnostic Value of C Urea Breath Test for Detection Compared by Histopathology in Indonesian Dyspeptic Patients.

Purpose: Histopathology method is often used as a gold standard diagnostic for infection in Indonesia. However, it requires an endoscopic procedure which is limited in Indonesia. A non-invasive method, such as C Urea Breath Test (UBT), is more favorable; however, this particular method has not been validated yet.

Helicobacter pylori in the Indonesian Malay's descendants might be imported from other ethnicities.

Background: Even though the incidence of H. pylori infection among Malays in the Malay Peninsula is low, we observed a high H. pylori prevalence in Sumatra, which is the main residence of Indonesian Malays.

The Roles of IL-17, IL-21, and IL-23 in the Infection and Gastrointestinal Inflammation: A Review.

Although millions of people have been infected by (), only a small proportion of infected individuals will develop adverse outcomes, ranging from chronic gastritis to gastric cancer. Advanced development of the disease has been well-linked with chronic inflammation, which is significantly impacted by the adaptive and humoral immunity response. From the perspective of cellular immunity, this review aims to clarify the intricate axis between IL-17, IL-21, and IL-23 in -related diseases and the pathogenesis of inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases.

Polymorphisms in Indonesia: Comparison among Ethnicities and the Association with Clinical Outcomes.

polymorphisms are important factors for proton pump inhibitor-based therapy. We examined the genotypes and analyzed the distribution among ethnicities and clinical outcomes in Indonesia. We employed the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method to determine the genotypes and evaluated inflammation severity with the updated Sydney system.

Serum Helicobacter pylori antibody reactivity in seven Asian countries using an automated latex aggregation turbidity assay.

Background And Aim: To determine the application range of diagnostic kits utilizing anti-Helicobacter pylori antibody, we tested a newly developed latex aggregation turbidity assay (latex) and a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (E-plate), both containing Japanese H. pylori protein lysates as antigens, using sera from seven Asian countries.

Methods: Serum samples (1797) were obtained, and standard H.

The validation of the Helicobacter pylori CagA typing by immunohistochemistry: nationwide application in Indonesia.

We aimed to validate 2 types of antibodies, anti-CagA antibody and anti-East Asian CagA specific antibody (α-EAS antibody) for the determination of CagA status in Indonesia. We also confirmed the performance of α-EAS antibody for the detection of East Asian-type CagA H. pylori.

Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance Phenotype of Clinical Isolates.

We evaluated biofilm formation of clinical isolates from Indonesia and its relation to antibiotic resistance. We determined the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, metronidazole and tetracycline by the Etest to measure the planktonic susceptibility of 101 strains. Biofilms were quantified by the crystal violet method.

Overview of Infection in Indonesia: What Distinguishes It from Countries with High Gastric Cancer Incidence?

infects more than half the human population. However, the prevalence in Indonesia is low, as is the prevalence of gastric cancer. Hence, it could be instructive to compare these prevalence rates and their determining factors with those of countries that have high gastric cancer incidence.

Gastric microbiota and Helicobacter pylori in Indonesian population.

Background: The profile of gastric mucosal microbiota has not yet been described in the Indonesian population where the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori is low.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study analyzing 16S rRNA of 137 gastric biopsy specimens. We analyzed the association between gastric microbiota, H.

Serum pepsinogens as a gastric cancer and gastritis biomarker in South and Southeast Asian populations.

Serum pepsinogens have been widely acknowledged as gastric mucosal biomarkers; however, a multicountry report on the benefits of pepsinogens as biomarkers has not yet been published. We analyzed 1,206 sera and gastric mucosal samples collected from Bangladesh, Bhutan, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal and Thailand then assessed the association between gastric mucosal changes and Helicobacter pylori infection. The new cutoff values for serum pepsinogen values were evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic analysis.

E-test versus agar dilution for antibiotic susceptibility testing of Helicobacter pylori: a comparison study.

Objective: For evaluating the antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori, the agar dilution method is the gold standard; however, using this method in daily practice is laborious. E-test has been proposed to be an uncomplicated method. This study was aimed at validating the E-test and detecting the presence of any bias between the agar dilution method and E-test.

Analysis of risks of gastric cancer by gastric mucosa among Indonesian ethnic groups.

Indonesia is a big country with multiethnic populations whose gastric cancer risks have not been elucidated. We performed a nationwide survey and obtained histological specimens from 1053 individuals in 19 cities across the country. We examined the gastric mucosa, the topography, the atrophic gastritis risk factors, and the gastric cancer risk scores.

Five alternative Helicobacter pylori antibiotics to counter high levofloxacin and metronidazole resistance in the Dominican Republic.

The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori resistance to levofloxacin and metronidazole was high in the Dominican Republic. We used two-fold agar dilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of five alternative antibiotics in 63 Dominican strains. We also assessed the genetic mutations associated with the antibiotic resistance using next-generation sequencing.

Effective therapeutic regimens in two South Asian countries with high resistance to major antibiotics.

Background: Nepal and Bangladesh have a high prevalence of with high resistance rates to clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin. Here, we evaluated the susceptibility and genetic mutations of 5 alternative antibiotics against isolates from both countries to obtain an effective treatment regimen for eradication.

Methods: We used the agar dilution method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of 5 alternative antibiotics against 42 strains from Nepal and 56 from Bangladesh and performed whole genome mutation analysis.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease in an area with low Helicobacter pylori infection prevalence.

The association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) prevalence and its risk factors in an area with low Helicobacter pylori prevalence is important to clarify. We analyzed the prevalence of GERD and risk factors in an area of Indonesia with low prevalence of H. pylori infection.