Molecular analyses of exosome-derived miRNAs revealed reduced expression of miR-184-3p and decreased exosome concentration in patients with alveolar echinococcosis.

Both E. multilocularis and host-derived exosomes are involved in the pathogenic process of alveolar echinococcosis (AE). Exosomes secrete miRNAs that have regulatory roles in host-pathogen interactions in multiple ways.

[Toxicity Testing Organisms for Marine Ecotoxicological Research in China].

Since the late 1970s, marine ecotoxicology began to sprout and develop in China. Based on the principles of dose-response relationships, some marine organisms are used in toxicity tests to evaluate the impact of marine pollutants on marine organisms and marine ecosystems. At the early stage, marine ecotoxicological research mainly focused on the bioaccumulation, biomagnification, and biodegradation of traditional pollutants such as heavy metals, radioactive elements, organotin, petroleum hydrocarbons, and pesticides, as well as their toxic effects on survival, growth, and other physiological indicators.

Phosphate limitation intensifies negative effects of ocean acidification on globally important nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium.

Growth of the prominent nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Trichodesmium is often limited by phosphorus availability in the ocean. How nitrogen fixation by phosphorus-limited Trichodesmium may respond to ocean acidification remains poorly understood. Here, we use phosphate-limited chemostat experiments to show that acidification enhanced phosphorus demands and decreased phosphorus-specific nitrogen fixation rates in Trichodesmium.

Advances in the pharmacological treatment of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: From laboratory to clinic.

Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the larvae of . Because of its characteristics of diffuse infiltration and growth similar to tumors, the disability rate and mortality rate are high among patients. Although surgery (including hepatectomy, liver transplantation, and autologous liver transplantation) is the first choice for the treatment of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis in clinic, drug treatment still plays an important and irreplaceable role in patients with end-stage echinococcosis, including patients with multiple organ metastasis, patients with inferior vena cava invasion, or patients with surgical contraindications, etc.

Nutrient regulation of biological nitrogen fixation across the tropical western North Pacific.

Nitrogen fixation is critical for the biological productivity of the ocean, but clear mechanistic controls on this process remain elusive. Here, we investigate the abundance, activity, and drivers of nitrogen-fixing diazotrophs across the tropical western North Pacific. We find a basin-scale coherence of diazotroph abundances and N fixation rates with the supply ratio of iron:nitrogen to the upper ocean.

Colonies of the marine cyanobacterium optimize dust utilization by selective collection and retention of nutrient-rich particles.

, a globally important, N-fixing, and colony-forming cyanobacterium, employs multiple pathways for acquiring nutrients from air-borne dust, including active dust collection. Once concentrated within the colony core, dust can supply with nutrients. Recently, we reported a selectivity in particle collection enabling to center iron-rich minerals and optimize its nutrient utilization.

Bone developmental toxicity of organophosphorus flame retardants TDCIPP and TPhP in marine medaka Oryzias melastigma.

The global phase-out has decreased the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), thereby, rapidly increasing the production and use of their important surrogates, organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs). Currently, OPFRs are often found at higher levels in the environments compared to PBDEs. Although the two typical OPFRs, tris (1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), have been frequently detected in marine environments with significant concentrations, their toxicity to marine organisms remains unknown.

Effects of salinity on the chronic toxicity of 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) in the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus.

Organic ultraviolet filters are widely used in personal care products. 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) is one of the most frequently used UV filters. Due to its widespread usage 4-MBC has been detected at high concentrations in offshore waters.

Substrate regulation leads to differential responses of microbial ammonia-oxidizing communities to ocean warming.

In the context of continuously increasing anthropogenic nitrogen inputs, knowledge of how ammonia oxidation (AO) in the ocean responds to warming is crucial to predicting future changes in marine nitrogen biogeochemistry. Here, we show divergent thermal response patterns for marine AO across a wide onshore/offshore trophic gradient. We find ammonia oxidizer community and ambient substrate co-regulate optimum temperatures (T), generating distinct thermal response patterns with T varying from ≤14 °C to ≥34 °C.

Proteomic responses to ocean acidification of the marine diazotroph Trichodesmium under iron-replete and iron-limited conditions.

Growth and dinitrogen (N) fixation of the globally important diazotrophic cyanobacteria Trichodesmium are often limited by iron (Fe) availability in surface seawaters. To systematically examine the combined effects of Fe limitation and ocean acidification (OA), T. erythraeum strain IMS101 was acclimated to both Fe-replete and Fe-limited concentrations under ambient and acidified conditions.

Reduced nitrogenase efficiency dominates response of the globally important nitrogen fixer Trichodesmium to ocean acidification.

The response of the prominent marine dinitrogen (N)-fixing cyanobacteria Trichodesmium to ocean acidification (OA) is critical to understanding future oceanic biogeochemical cycles. Recent studies have reported conflicting findings on the effect of OA on growth and N fixation of Trichodesmium. Here, we quantitatively analyzed experimental data on how Trichodesmium reallocated intracellular iron and energy among key cellular processes in response to OA, and integrated the findings to construct an optimality-based cellular model.

The physiological response of marine diatoms to ocean acidification: differential roles of seawater pCO and pH.

Although increasing the pCO for diatoms will presumably down-regulate the CO -concentrating mechanism (CCM) to save energy for growth, different species have been reported to respond differently to ocean acidification (OA). To better understand their growth responses to OA, we acclimated the diatoms Thalassiosira pseudonana, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and Chaetoceros muelleri to ambient (pCO 400 μatm, pH 8.1), carbonated (pCO 800 μatm, pH 8.

[Selection of DNA aptamers to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by SELEX].

An in vitro synthesized random ssDNA library was subjected to 12 rounds of selection against anti-screening cells and sieving cells by SELEX. Normal and inflammatory cervical exfoliation cells were selected as anti-screening cells, and the cervical exfoliation cells of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (CIN1), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (CIN2, CIN3) and cervical carcinoma were selected as sieving cells during the screening process. Then, the highly specific aptamer CIN-Ap4 was established by the analysis of the specificity, affinity and cell immunofluorescence, which can be used as biomarker for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia.

Ambient nitrate switches the ammonium consumption pathway in the euphotic ocean.

Phytoplankton assimilation and microbial oxidation of ammonium are two critical conversion pathways in the marine nitrogen cycle. The underlying regulatory mechanisms of these two competing processes remain unclear. Here we show that ambient nitrate acts as a key variable to bifurcate ammonium flow through assimilation or oxidation, and the depth of the nitracline represents a robust spatial boundary between ammonium assimilators and oxidizers in the stratified ocean.

Nitrogen fixation in two coastal upwelling regions of the Taiwan Strait.

Recent studies have demonstrated that dinitrogen fixation can be important in nutrient-rich coastal upwelling regions. During a cruise to the Taiwan Strait in summer 2015, we found that the nitrogen fixation rate in surface waters ranged from below detection limits to 7.51 nmol N L d.

Multigenerational effects of 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) on the survival, development and reproduction of the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus.

One of the most widely used organic UV filters, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC), is present at high concentrations in offshore waters. The marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus was exposed to different concentrations of 4-MBC (i.e.

Response to Comment on "The complex effects of ocean acidification on the prominent N-fixing cyanobacterium ".

Hutchins question the validity of our results showing that under fast growth conditions, the beneficial effect of high CO on is overwhelmed by the deleterious effect of the concomitant decrease in ambient and cellular pH. The positive effect of acidification reported by Hutchins and co-workers is likely caused by culture conditions that support suboptimal growth rates.

The complex effects of ocean acidification on the prominent N-fixing cyanobacterium .

Acidification of seawater caused by anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO) is anticipated to influence the growth of dinitrogen (N)-fixing phytoplankton, which contribute a large fraction of primary production in the tropical and subtropical ocean. We found that growth and N-fixation of the ubiquitous cyanobacterium decreased under acidified conditions, notwithstanding a beneficial effect of high CO Acidification resulted in low cytosolic pH and reduced N-fixation rates despite elevated nitrogenase concentrations. Low cytosolic pH required increased proton pumping across the thylakoid membrane and elevated adenosine triphosphate production.

Toxicity and bioaccumulation of three hexabromocyclododecane diastereoisomers in the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicas.

The three major hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) diastereoisomers, i.e. α-, β- and γ-HBCD, have distinct physical and chemical properties that may potentially result in different levels of bioaccumulation and toxicity in aquatic organisms.

Accumulation and developmental toxicity of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) on the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus.

The brominated flame retardants hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants, widely distributed in aquatic systems including the marine environment and marine organisms. HBCDs are toxic to the development of both freshwater and marine fish. However, the impacts of HBCDs on marine invertebrates are not well known.

Developmental toxicity of three hexabromocyclododecane diastereoisomers in embryos of the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma.

The composition of major hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) diastereoisomers, i.e. α-, β-, and γ-HBCDs, in marine biota is different from that of the commercially available form (technical HBCD), which is used extensively for toxicological studies.

Mechanisms of hexabromocyclododecanes induced developmental toxicity in marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) embryos.

Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are widely used as additive brominated flame retardants, and are now ubiquitous contaminants in the environmental media and biota, including the marine environment and marine organisms. However, the impacts of HBCDs on marine fish are not well known. In this study the embryos of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) were used to assess the developmental toxicity of HBCDs.

Ocean acidification slows nitrogen fixation and growth in the dominant diazotroph Trichodesmium under low-iron conditions.

Dissolution of anthropogenic CO(2) increases the partial pressure of CO(2) (pCO(2)) and decreases the pH of seawater. The rate of Fe uptake by the dominant N(2)-fixing cyanobacterium Trichodesmium declines as pH decreases in metal-buffered medium. The slower Fe-uptake rate at low pH results from changes in Fe chemistry and not from a physiological response of the organism.

Effects of salinity on the toxicity and biotransformation of L-selenomethionine in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos: mechanisms of oxidative stress.

Previous studies in mammals have shown that organoselenium depletes the cellular antioxidant, glutathione (GSH) due to activation of organoselenides to organoselenoxides by flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMO). Since FMO tends to be induced in euryhaline fish exposed to hypersaline conditions, the developmental toxicity of salinity and organoselenium was examined in the euryhaline fish Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). FMO activity, GSH, and selenium concentrations in Japanese medaka embryos were measured following a 24-h exposure to 0.