Tongue strength and endurance among typically developing children and children with idiopathic speech sound disorders in the United Arab Emirates.

Background: Tongue strength and endurance in adults have been extensively studied, but data on these parameters in young children remain largely unavailable.

Aims: This study aimed to collect normative objective tongue strength and endurance data from a pediatric population in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and to examine the effects of age and sex on these parameters.

Methods: This normative study included a total of 65 typically developing (TD; n = 36) children and children with idiopathic speech sound disorders (ISSDs; n = 29).