Novel adipokines vaspin and irisin as risk biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims: Vaspin and irisin are novel cytokines proposed as potential new biomarkers of insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. This work is to investigate circulating levels of vaspin and irisin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD) to study potential association with disease risk.

Materials And Methods: Circulating levels of vaspin and irisin were assayed in serum from 135 T2DM patients (with and without CVD) and 70 control subjects by ELISA.

Utilizing the KCNJ11 Gene Mutations in Spotting Egyptian Patients With Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Who Can Benefit From Treatment Shift.

Background: Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a monogenic form of diabetes mellitus. Until now, patients in developing countries who had this condition had been misdiagnosed as having type 1 diabetes mellitus and accordingly directed to erroneous, ineffective, and costly therapeutic regimens.

Objective: To detect Egyptian patients who harbor pathological variant in the KCNJ11 gene, so that their treatment regimen can be modified as needed to increase its effectiveness.

Levels of cystatin C in low- and high-flux hemodialysis in children with end-stage renal disease.

Background: Cystatin-C (CyC) is a middle molecule that is freely filtered at the glomerulus and almost completely reabsorbed by the proximal tubules. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum CyC and its reduction ratio as a biomarker for assessing the adequacy of the hemodialysis (HD) sessions in children with end-stage renal disease on maintenance HD. We also compared levels of CyC in patients on low-flux HD (LFH) and high-flux HD (HFH).

Relationship between Biochemical Bone Markers and Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Phenylketonuria under Restricted Diet.

Objective: Most of phenylketonuria (PKU) develops bone turnover impairment and low bone mineral density (BMD). Measurements of BMD reflect only bone mineral status but not the dynamics of bone turnover. Bone markers are a noninvasive tool useful for the assessment of bone formation and bone resorption processes.