Antibiotic Resistance and Its Impact on Disease Management.

Antibiotic resistance has been a challenge to the medical fraternity and has had a massive impact on disease management. The overuse of antibiotics and careless prescription by doctors have been one of the primary reasons for the development of antibiotic resistance among the masses. This article draws attention to the significant reasons causing antibiotic resistance, such as overuse, antibiotic resistance genes, and extensive use of antibiotics in agriculture.

Adiposity and Cardiac Defects: Pathophysiology and Etiology.

The worldwide obesity epidemic is well known, with most countries experiencing rises in obesity incidence since the 1980s. Obesity directly contributes to the occurrence of cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and sleep problems. Obesity, in addition to other cardiovascular risk factors, contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiovascular disease mortality.

Physiological Role of Orexin/Hypocretin in the Human Body in Motivated Behavior: A Comprehensive Review.

Neurohormones are neurosecretory materials released by neurosecretory cells that serve both as neuromodulators in the brain and spinal cord and as circulating regulatory hormones. They serve a wide range of functions, including homeostasis, development, and modulation of neuronal and muscle activity. In the hypothalamus, neurohormones called hypocretins are created that were discovered in the late nineties.

Herd Immunity to Fight Against COVID-19: A Narrative Review.

The advent of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its consequent illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has revealed the severe impact of new, contagious pathogens on the population throughout the globe. Here, we describe the fundamental notions of herd immunity and discuss their consequences from the perspective of COVID-19, along with the obstacles to acquiring herd immunity. SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19, a contagious respiratory infection.

Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Review of Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes.

The polycystic ovarian syndrome affects many women today. Previous research has demonstrated a direct link between it and serious ailments such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and infertility. Originally thought to be a reproductive disorder, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is now understood to be a metabolic and psychological disorder.

COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Management.

An increase in the severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was observed in patients infected with the acute severe metabolism syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Patients who have COVID-19 infection may also be more susceptible to hyperglycemia. When paired with other risk factors, hyperglycemia might alter immune and inflammatory responses, predisposing people to significant COVID-19 and perhaps deadly outcomes.

Anatomical Aspects of Neurogenic Bladder and the Approach in Its Management: A Narrative Review.

The contraction of the detrusor muscle causes the urinary bladder and its mass peristaltic movement, leading to micturition. The vesical plexus of nerves, composed of fibers from the inferior hypogastric plexus, supplies the urinary bladder. The brain plays a crucial part in developing and maintaining bladder control, although its specific involvement in urgency and urine leakage is not well understood.

Association of Diet With Essential Tremor: A Narrative Review.

Essential tremor is a neurological disorder categorized by the rhythmic shaking of the upper limbs, lower limbs, neck, or head. The etiology of essential tremor is believed to be genetic variations, environmental factors, lifestyle, etc. Poor lifestyle and diet are important factors contributing to the onset of various disorders.