A 13-LOX participates in the biosynthesis of JAs and is related to the accumulation of baicalein and wogonin in .

Although baicalein and wogonin contents in , a traditional Chinese herb, are known to be regulated by jasmonic acid, the exact mechanism by which jasmonic acid regulates the accumulation of baicalein and wogonin remains unclear. In this study, we discovered SbLOX3, a gene encoding 13-lipoxygenase from the roots of , which plays an important role in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid. The contents of methyl jasmonate, baicalin, wogonin, and three metabolic intermediates of methyl jasmonate, 13-HPOT, OPDA, and OPC-8, were downregulated in the hair roots of the SbLOX3 RNAi lines.

MeJA regulates the accumulation of baicalein and other 4'-hydroxyflavones during the hollowed root development in Scutellaria baicalensis.

The dried roots of are important traditional Chinese medicine used to treat liver and lung inflammation. An anomalous structure, hollowed root, was discovered in perennial cultivated . The presence of the hollow may change the contents of bioactive metabolites, such as baicalein, and other 4'-hydroxyflavones in roots, but the relationship between the hollowed root and bioactive metabolite contents is poorly understood.

A genome-wide association study provides insights into fatty acid synthesis and metabolism in Malus fruits.

As a precursor of aromatic compounds, fatty acids play important roles in apple fruit quality; however, the genetic and molecular basis underlying fatty acid synthesis and metabolism is largely unknown. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of seven fatty acids using genomic data of 149 Malus accessions and identified 232 significant signals (-log10P>5) associated with 99 genes from GWAS of four fatty acids across 2 years. Among these, a significant GWAS signal associated with linoleic acid was identified in the transcriptional regulator SUPERMAN-like (SUP) MD13G1209600 at chromosome 13 of M.

[Winter pruning boosts growth and yield of Lonicera japonica by regulating plant hormone content].

Lonicera japonica is a ubiquitous medicinal species in China.Winter pruning has long been used to improve its quality and yield, but the mechanism is rarely studied.Therefore, in this study, the growth phenotypes of L.

The positive feedback regulatory loop of miR160-Auxin Response Factor 17-HYPONASTIC LEAVES 1 mediates drought tolerance in apple trees.

Drought stress tolerance is a complex trait regulated by multiple factors. Here, we demonstrate that the miRNA160-Auxin Response Factor 17 (ARF17)-HYPONASTIC LEAVES 1 module is crucial for apple (Malus domestica) drought tolerance. Using stable transgenic plants, we found that drought tolerance was improved by higher levels of Mdm-miR160 or MdHYL1 and by decreased levels of MdARF17, whereas reductions in MdHYL1 or increases in MdARF17 led to greater drought sensitivity.

Insights into the effect of human civilization on Malus evolution and domestication.

The evolutionary history of the Malus genus has not been well studied. In the current study, we presented genetic evidence on the origin of the Malus genus based on genome sequencing of 297 Malus accessions, revealing the genetic relationship between wild species and cultivated apples. Our results demonstrated that North American and East Asian wild species are closer to the outgroup (pear) than Central Asian species, and hybrid species including natural (separated before the Pleistocene, about 2.

Abscisic acid homeostasis is mediated by feedback regulation of MdMYB88 and MdMYB124.

The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in various plant processes. In response to drought stress, plants quickly accumulate ABA, but the regulatory mechanism of ABA accumulation is largely unknown, especially in woody plants. In this study, we report that MdMYB88 and MdMYB124 are myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factors critical for ABA accumulation in apple trees (Malus x domestica) following drought, and this regulation is negatively controlled by ABA.

Integrative Analyses of Widely Targeted Metabolic Profiling and Transcriptome Data Reveals Molecular Insight into Metabolomic Variations during Apple () Fruit Development and Ripening.

The apple is a favorite fruit for human diet and is one of the most important commercial fruit crops around the world. Investigating metabolic variations during fruit development can provide a better understanding on the formation of fruit quality. The present study applied a widely targeted LC-MS-based metabolomics approach with large-scale detection, identification and quantification to investigate the widespread metabolic changes during "Pinova" apple development and ripening.

Regulation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis by MdMYB88 and MdMYB124 contributes to pathogen and drought resistance in apple.

MdMYB88 and MdMYB124 have been demonstrated to be responsible for lignin accumulation in apple under drought stress. In this study, using a metabolomic approach, we identified differentially accumulated phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolites in transgenic RNAi plants under control and long-term drought stress conditions in apple roots. We confirmed the regulation of phenylalanine by MdMYB88 and MdMYB124 via UPLC-MS in apple roots under both control and drought conditions.

Genome-wide identification of drought-responsive microRNAs in two sets of from interspecific hybrid progenies.

Drought stress can negatively impact apple fruit quality and yield. Apple microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in apple tree and fruit development, as well as in biotic stress tolerance; however, it is largely unknown whether these molecules are involved in the drought response. To identify drought-responsive miRNAs in , we first examined the drought stress tolerance of ten F progenies of R3 (.

MdMYB88 and MdMYB124 Enhance Drought Tolerance by Modulating Root Vessels and Cell Walls in Apple.

Water deficit is one of the main limiting factors in apple ( × Borkh.) cultivation. Root architecture plays an important role in the drought tolerance of plants; however, research efforts to improve drought tolerance of apple trees have focused on aboveground targets.