Neighborhood environment and cognitive functioning in middle-aged and older population: A mediating role of physical activity.

Background: Evidence on the impact of complex neighborhood environment, including air pollution, greenness, and neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation (nSED) on cognitive health in older adults remains scarce. Both cognition and neighborhood environment are associated with physical activity, but little is known about the potential mediating role of physical activity in this association.

Methods: Cross-sectional data of the Czech arm of the HAPIEE cohort study examined 4,178 participants (55.

Depressive symptoms modify the association between noise and adiposity biomarkers: Evidence from a population study of Czech adults.

Objective: Environmental noise exposure is associated with adiposity. However, less is known about the individual vulnerability to environmental noise in abnormal adiposity development, particularly in relation to mental health. This study investigated the association between environmental noise exposure and four adiposity biomarkers and tested the moderation effect of depressive symptoms.

Social and environmental stressors of cardiometabolic health.

Exposures to social and environmental stressors arise individual behavioural response and thus indirectly affect cardiometabolic health. The aim of this study was to investigate several social and environmental stressors and the paths of their influence on cardiometabolic health. The data of 2154 participants (aged 25-64 years) from the cross-sectional population-based study were analysed.

Pulmonary function and trajectories of cognitive decline in aging population.

Background: The number of older people with cognitive impairment is increasing worldwide. Impaired lung function might be associated with cognitive decline in older age; however, results from large longitudinal studies are lacking. In this study, we examined the longitudinal associations between pulmonary function and the trajectories of cognitive decline using prospective population-based SHARE data from 14 countries.

Living in poverty and accelerated biological aging: evidence from population-representative sample of U.S. adults.

Background: Biological aging reflects a decline in the functions and integrity of the human body that is closely related to chronological aging. A variety of biomarkers have been found to predict biological age. Biological age higher than chronological age (biological age acceleration) indicates an accelerated state of biological aging and a higher risk of premature morbidity and mortality.

Current-use pesticide exposure pathways in Czech adults and children from the CELSPAC-SPECIMEn cohort.

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to characterise exposure to pyrethroids, organophosphates, and tebuconazole through multiple pathways in 110 parent-child pairs participating in the CELSPAC-SPECIMEn study.

Methods: First, we estimated the daily intake (EDI) of pesticides based on measured urinary metabolites. Second, we compared EDI with estimated pesticide intake from food.

Early-Life Temperamental Differences as Longitudinal Predictors of Unintentional Injuries.

Objective: Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of hospitalization and death among children. Compared to environmental factors, less attention in injury preventive efforts has been paid to how individual characteristics relate to the risk of injury. Using a large prospective cohort, the current study assessed the longitudinal impact of early-life temperament on the cumulative number of injuries until mid-adolescence.

Determinants of depressive symptoms increase in older persons during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Czech cohort study using repeated assessments.

Background: Numerous studies reported higher levels of mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic but only a minority used repeated measurements. We investigated change in depressive symptoms in the Czech ageing cohort and the impact of pre-existing and COVID-19-related stressors.

Methods: We used data on 2853 participants (mean age 73.

Educational gradients in all-cause mortality in two cohorts in the Czech Republic during the early stage of the postcommunist transition.

Objectives: We investigated whether social gradient in all-cause mortality in the Czech Republic changed during the postcommunist transition by comparing two cohorts, recruited before and after the political changes in 1989.

Methods: Participants (aged 25-64 years) in two population surveys (n=2530 in 1985, n=2294 in 1992) were followed up for mortality for 15 years (291 and 281 deaths, respectively). Education was classified into attainment categories and years of schooling (both continuous and in tertiles).

Self-Reported Mental Health and Lifestyle Behaviour During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Czech Population: Evidence From Two Cross-Sectional Surveys.

Evidence of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental and physical health behaviours is limited. This study presents results of two cross-sectional surveys on mental health changes and its consequences on healthy and unhealthy lifestyle behaviours. An online survey was distributed during Spring 2020 ( = 9,168) and Autumn 2020 ( = 1,042) in the Czech Republic.

Analysis of Histopathological Findings of Lung Carcinoma in Czech Black Coal Miners in Association with Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis.

Coal miners with coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP, J60 according to ICD-10) were previously found to have a significantly higher risk of lung carcinoma compared to the general male population. The presented study aimed to analyze the (i) incidence of lung carcinoma in miners, (ii) histopathological findings in cohorts with and without CWP, and (iii) effect of smoking cessation on the histopathological profile. Analyzed cohorts consisted of miners with ( = 3476) and without ( = 6687) CWP.

Lifetime Carcinogenic Risk Proportions from Inhalation Exposures in Industrial and Non-Industrial Regions.

The aim of this work was to estimate the share of selected significant risk factors for respiratory cancer in the overall incidence of this disease and their comparison in two environmentally different burdened regions. A combination of a longitudinal cross-sectional population study with a US EPA health risk assessment methodology was used. The result of this procedure is the expression of lifelong carcinogenic risks and their contribution in the overall incidence of the disease.

Risk of chronic diseases limiting longevity and healthy aging by lifestyle and socio-economic factors during the life-course - a narrative review.

The review provides a comprehensive summary of existing literature focusing on the most serious risk factors of non-communicable diseases and collects current knowledge on their distribution, determinants, clusters, psychological and socio-economic consequences. Especially, the life-course approach is stressed, early life consequences of the later onset of chronic diseases, the risk behavior and its social, socio-economic and psychosocial determination is reviewed. Potential of preventing these harmful consequences has a lifelong approach.

Evaluation of Fine and Ultrafine Particles Proportion in Airborne Dust in an Industrial Area.

The health impacts of suspended particulate matter (SPM) are significantly associated with size-the smaller the aerosol particles, the stronger the biological effect. Quantitative evaluation of fine and ultrafine particles (FP and UFP) is, therefore, an integral part of ongoing epidemiological studies. The mass concentrations of SPM fractions (especially PM, PM, PM) were measured in an industrial area using cascade personal samplers and a gravimetric method, and their mass ratio was determined.

Perception of health risk and compliance with preventive measures related to COVID-19 in the Czech population: preliminary results of a rapid questionnaire survey.

Objectives: In the Czech Republic, an outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID‑19) has been decelerated by quickly adopting strict and strongly limiting government measures. In this study, the authors present the preliminary results (April 1-5, 2020) of a public risk perception study of COVID‑19.

Material And Methods: The online questionnaire survey was announced in the national TV and radio stations with the nationwide coverage.

The mediating role of lung function on air pollution-induced cardiopulmonary mortality in elderly women: The SALIA cohort study with 22-year mortality follow-up.

Background: Air pollution exposure is associated with reduced lung function and increased cardio-pulmonary mortality (CPM).

Objectives: We analyzed the potential mediating effect of reduced lung function on the association between air pollution exposure and CPM.

Methods: We used data from the German SALIA cohort including 2527 elderly women (aged 51-56 years at baseline 1985-1994) with 22-year follow-up to CPM.

Air pollution and molecular changes in age-related diseases.

Assessment of the impact that air contaminants have on health is difficult as this is a complex mixture of substances that varies depending on the time and place. There are many studies on the association between air pollution and increased morbidity and mortality. Before the effect of polluted air is manifested at the level of the organs, an impact can be observed at the molecular level.

How serious are health impacts in one of the most polluted regions of Central Europe?

Background: The long-term exposure to pollutants in ambient air is associated with higher mortality and occurrence of respiratory and cardiopulmonary diseases. The longitudinal cross-section study focuses on the associations between long-term exposures to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic pollutants and the prevalence and incidence of such specific diseases including immunodeficiencies.

Methods: The data on health status from industrial and non-industrial regions were obtained from health documentation for a 5-year period from 2007 to 2011 and represent the whole population living in polluted (1,249,323 inhabitants) and unpolluted (631,387 inhabitants) regions.

[Natriuretic peptides: anything new in cardiology?].

Twenty-five years after the first publication of the strong natriuretic effect of rat cardiac atria extract, natriuretic peptides play an important part in everyday, not only cardiological, practice. In the current review the authors briefly describe the role of natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP, and CNP) in clinical practice, concentrating on the possibilities of their therapeutic use. They also summarize their role in the mechanisms of endogenous cardioprotection and regulation of LVH, which is the endpoint of many cardiovascular pathologies.

Left internal mammary artery improves 5-year survival in patients under 40 subjected to surgical revascularization.

Background: The population of young patients under 40 requiring coronary bypass surgery is characterized by an extremely and unusually rapid progression of coronary heart disease. The aim of the present study was to assess the clinical status and quality of life in these patients after surgery in relation to the type of conduit used to revascularize the left anterior descending artery (LAD).

Methods: One hundred seventeen patients under 40 (range, 30-40 years) underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) at our institution between 1991 and 1999.

[New face of modified reperfusion: postconditioning].

In this review authors describe the mechanisms and possibilities of attenuation of ischaemia reperfusion injury in the myocardium. They describe modified reperfusion (postconditioning) and discuss its use in basic and clinical research. The proposed effects of modified reperfusion on the reperfusion injury were also depicted and compared to the mechanisms and action of ischemic preconditioning.

[A rare case of congenital dentin dysplasia in a child aged 8 years].

In the reported case the authors observed a considerable mobility of all milk teeth and permanent teeth. The degree of this mobility varied. The crowns of milk and permanent teeth had a normal size, shape and colour.