Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children and Youth: A Meta-Analysis.

Context: Treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents.

Objective: Evaluate the comparative efficacy of behavioral and pharmacologic treatments.

Data Sources: Six databases and ClinicalTrials.

Brief Assessment Tools for Obsessive Compulsive Disorders in Children: A Systematic Review.

Context: Children and adolescents with suspected obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Objective: To estimate the comparative performance of brief diagnostic assessment tools.

Data Sources: PubMed, the Cochrane Register of Clinical Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and ERIC, and for unpublished studies with reported results in ClinicalTrials.

Stratification of risk for emergent intracranial abnormalities in children with headaches: a Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) study protocol.

Introduction: Headache is a common chief complaint of children presenting to emergency departments (EDs). Approximately 0.5%-1% will have emergent intracranial abnormalities (EIAs) such as brain tumours or strokes.

Delivery Strategies for Postpartum Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: To systematically review the effects of postpartum health care-delivery strategies on health care utilization and maternal outcomes.

Data Sources: We searched Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies in the United States or Canada from inception to November 16, 2022.

Postpartum Home Blood Pressure Monitoring: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of postpartum home blood pressure (BP) monitoring compared with clinic-based follow-up and the comparative effectiveness of alternative home BP-monitoring regimens.

Data Sources: Search of Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to December 1, 2022, searching for home BP monitoring in postpartum individuals.

Health Insurance Coverage and Postpartum Outcomes in the US: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Approximately half of postpartum individuals in the US do not receive any routine postpartum health care. Currently, federal Medicaid coverage for pregnant individuals lapses after the last day of the month in which the 60th postpartum day occurs, which limits longer-term postpartum care.

Objective: To assess whether health insurance coverage extension or improvements in access to health care are associated with postpartum health care utilization and maternal outcomes within 1 year post partum.

International variation in evidence-based emergency department management of bronchiolitis: a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the international variation in the use of evidence-based management (EBM) in bronchiolitis. We hypothesised that management consistent with full-EBM practices is associated with the research network of care, adjusted for patient-level characteristics. Secondary objectives were to determine the association between full-EBM and (1) hospitalisation and (2) emergency department (ED) revisits resulting in hospitalisation within 21 days.

Pharmacotherapy interventions for adolescent co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders: a systematic review.

Background: Co-occurring mental health and substance use (SU) disorders among adolescents are common, with two-thirds of adolescents who seek SU treatment also requiring support for mental health. Primary care physicians play a key role in the pharmacological treatment of mental health disorders among adolescents, however, little is known about the impact of these treatments on SU outcomes.

Objectives: This systematic review summarizes the evidence regarding commonly used pharmacotherapy interventions for mental health and their impact on adolescent SU.

Effectiveness of medication for opioid use disorders in transition-age youth: A systematic review.

Background: Sequalae of opioid misuse constitute a public health emergency in the United States. A robust evidence base informs the use of medication for opioid use disorders (MOUD) in adults, with far less research in transition-age youth. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of MOUD for transition-age youth (age 16 to 25).

Making Narrative Statements to Describe Treatment Effects.

Accurately describing treatment effects using plain language and narrative statements is a critical step in communicating research findings to end users. However, the process of developing these narratives has not been historically guided by a specific framework. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center Program developed guidance for narrative summaries of treatment effects that identifies five constructs.

Brief Behavioral Interventions for Substance Use in Adolescents: A Meta-analysis.

Context: Adolescents with problematic substance use (SU) are at risk for far-reaching adverse outcomes.

Objective: Synthesize the evidence regarding the effects of brief behavioral interventions for adolescents (12-20 years) with problematic SU.

Data Sources: We conducted literature searches in Medline, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and PsycInfo through October 31, 2019.

International Practice Patterns of Antibiotic Therapy and Laboratory Testing in Bronchiolitis.

Background And Objectives: International patterns of antibiotic use and laboratory testing in bronchiolitis in emergency departments are unknown. Our objective is to evaluate variation in the use of antibiotics and nonindicated tests in infants with bronchiolitis in 38 emergency departments in Pediatric Emergency Research Networks in Canada, the United States, Australia and New Zealand, the United Kingdom and Ireland, and Spain and Portugal. We hypothesized there would be significant variation, adjusted for patient characteristics.

Pharmacotherapy in bronchiolitis at discharge from emergency departments within the Pediatric Emergency Research Networks: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Clinical guidelines advise against pharmacotherapy in bronchiolitis. However, little is known about global variation in prescribing practices for bronchiolitis at discharge from emergency departments. We aimed to evaluate global variation in prescribing practice (ie, inhaled salbutamol, or oral or inhaled corticosteroids) for infants with bronchiolitis at discharge from emergency departments.

Comparison of Machine Learning Optimal Classification Trees With the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network Head Trauma Decision Rules.

Importance: Computed tomographic (CT) scanning is the standard for the rapid diagnosis of intracranial injury, but it is costly and exposes patients to ionizing radiation. The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) rules for identifying children with minor head trauma who are at very low risk of clinically important traumatic brain injury (ciTBI) are widely used to triage CT imaging.

Objective: To examine whether optimal classification trees (OCTs), which are novel machine-learning classifiers, improve on PECARN rules' predictive accuracy.

"Full Stomach" Despite the Wait: Point-of-care Gastric Ultrasound at the Time of Procedural Sedation in the Pediatric Emergency Department.

Objectives: The objective was to use gastric point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) to assess gastric contents and volume, summarize the prevalence of "full stomach," and explore the relationship between fasting time and gastric contents at the time of procedural sedation.

Methods: This was a prospective study of patients aged 2 to 17 years fasting prior to procedural sedation. A single sonographer scanned each patient's gastric antrum in two positions: supine with the upper body elevated and right lateral decubitus (RLD).

Emergency Department Visits Owing to Intentional and Unintentional Traumatic Brain Injury among Infants in the United States: A Population-Based Assessment.

Objective: To examine national trends of emergency department (ED) visits owing to traumatic brain injury (TBI) among infants (age <12 months), specifically in the context of intentional and unintentional mechanisms.

Study Design: National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program data documenting nonfatal ED visits from 2003 to 2012 were analyzed. TBI was defined as ED visits resulting in a diagnosis of concussion, or fracture, or internal injury of the head.

Predicting Escalated Care in Infants With Bronchiolitis.

Background And Objectives: Early risk stratification of infants with bronchiolitis receiving airway support is critical for focusing appropriate therapies, yet the tools to risk categorize this subpopulation do not exist. Our objective was to identify predictors of "escalated care" in bronchiolitis. We hypothesized there would be a significant association between escalated care and predictors in the emergency department.

Point-of-Care Ultrasound Assessment of Bladder Fullness for Female Patients Awaiting Radiology-Performed Transabdominal Pelvic Ultrasound in a Pediatric Emergency Department: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Study Objective: Radiology-performed transabdominal pelvic ultrasound, used to evaluate female patients with suspected pelvic pathology in the pediatric emergency department (ED), is often delayed by the need to fill the bladder. We seek to determine whether point-of-care ultrasound assessment of bladder fullness can predict patient readiness for transabdominal pelvic ultrasound more quickly than patient sensation of bladder fullness.

Methods: We performed a randomized controlled trial of female patients aged 8 to 18 years who required transabdominal pelvic ultrasound in a pediatric ED.

Survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest among cerebrovascular disease patients.

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability, and while preferences for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are frequently discussed, there is limited evidence detailing outcomes after CPR among acute cerebrovascular neurology (inclusive of stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)) patients. Systematic review and meta-analysis of PubMed and Cochrane libraries from January 1990 to December 2016 was conducted among stroke patients undergoing in-hospital CPR. Primary data from studies meeting inclusion criteria at two levels were extracted: 1) studies reporting survival to hospital discharge after CPR with cerebrovascular primary admitting diagnosis, and 2) studies reporting survival to hospital discharge after CPR with cerebrovascular comorbidity.

Practice Variation in Acute Bronchiolitis: A Pediatric Emergency Research Networks Study.

Background And Objectives: Studies characterizing hospitalizations in bronchiolitis did not identify patients receiving evidence-based supportive therapies (EBSTs). We aimed to evaluate intersite and internetwork variation in receipt of ≥1 EBSTs during the hospital management of infants diagnosed with bronchiolitis in 38 emergency departments of pediatric emergency research networks in Canada, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Spain, and Portugal. We hypothesized that there would be significant variation, adjusted for patient characteristics.