Publications by authors named "Dale Schoeller"

Background: Doubly labeled water is gold standard for measuring total energy expenditure (TEE). Measurements using the method are sensitive to the isotope dilution space ratio (DSR). Accuracy and precision of the method might be improved if we could identify factors influencing DSR.

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Bedrest shifts fasting and postprandial fuel selection towards carbohydrate use over lipids, potentially affecting astronauts' performance and health. We investigated whether this change occurs in astronauts after at least 3 months onboard the International Space Station (ISS). We further explored the associations with diet, physical activity (PA), and body composition.

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Background: The association of total energy intake (EI) with all-cause mortality is uncertain as are the dependencies of this association on age and weight change history.

Objectives: To identify an EI biomarker suitable for use in epidemiologic association studies and to study EI associations with total mortality in a Women's Health Initiative (WHI) cohort of postmenopausal United States females (1993-present).

Methods: EI biomarkers were developed based on doubly labeled water (DLW) total energy expenditure (TEE) and weight variation during the 2-wk DLW protocol period using the energy balance method in an embedded feeding study (n = 153).

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We aim to understand the effects of hydration changes on athletes' neuromuscular performance, on body water compartments, fat-free mass hydration and hydration biomarkers and to test the effects of the intervention on the response of acute dehydration in the hydration indexes. The H2OAthletes study (clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT05380089) is a randomised controlled trial in thirty-eight national/international athletes of both sexes with low total water intake (WI) (i.

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Article Synopsis
  • Researchers created a new way to measure body composition (like fat and muscle) using special technology and methods to make it easier and more accurate.
  • They tested this new model on a group of adults and found that it worked well, showing similar results to the older, more complicated methods.
  • The new method was also tested again with a different group and confirmed to be reliable, meaning it can help people keep track of changes in their body composition over time.
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  • Athletes can have different levels of hydration which can make it hard to measure their body composition accurately and track their strength progress.
  • The Da Kine Study tested different methods to measure body composition in athletes, including underwater-weighing and X-ray scans, to see which worked best despite hydration differences.
  • The study found that some methods like air-displacement and X-ray were quite accurate in measuring body fat and muscle mass, and stronger athletes tended to have higher muscle mass according to these measurements.
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  • - The study aimed to assess how accurately different self-reported tools (like ASA24s, FFQs, and 4DFRs) measure water intake compared to a reliable biomarker called doubly labeled water (DLW) in a sample of adults aged 50 to 74. - Results showed that all self-report methods tended to underestimate actual water intake, with FFQs performing slightly better than ASA24s and 4DFRs, especially in terms of estimating population means. - Overall, the study suggests that while self-reporting can provide insights into water consumption, researchers have multiple viable options for measuring intake and examining its relationship to health outcomes.
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Background: The consequences of obesity are ominous, yet healthcare professionals are not adequately preventing or treating obesity in youth with Down syndrome (DS). Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) is the energy expended in 24 h through physical activity and life-sustaining physiologic processes. An individual's TDEE is essential for determining the daily caloric intake needed to maintain or change body weight.

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Obesity is caused by a prolonged positive energy balance. Whether reduced energy expenditure stemming from reduced activity levels contributes is debated. Here we show that in both sexes, total energy expenditure (TEE) adjusted for body composition and age declined since the late 1980s, while adjusted activity energy expenditure increased over time.

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Unlabelled: Previous studies have used the doubly labeled water method to evaluate the total energy expenditure (TEE) during Ironman, ultramarathon trail runs, and competitive road cycling. However, the technique has not been applied to a 24-hour cross-country mountain-bike event.

Purpose: This case study aimed to measure the TEE, cycling metrics, and ad libitum nutrient/fluid intake during a 24-hour cross-country mountain-bike race.

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Background: The association of TEE with all-cause mortality is uncertain, as is the dependence of this association on age.

Objectives: To examine the association between TEE and all-cause mortality, and its age interaction, in a Women's Health Initiative (WHI) cohort of postmenopausal United States women (1992-present).

Methods: A cohort of 1131 WHI participants having DLW TEE assessment of ∼10.

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Water is essential for survival, but one in three individuals worldwide (2.2 billion people) lacks access to safe drinking water. Water intake requirements largely reflect water turnover (WT), the water used by the body each day.

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In mammals, trait variation is often reported to be greater among males than females. However, to date, mainly only morphological traits have been studied. Energy expenditure represents the metabolic costs of multiple physical, physiological, and behavioral traits.

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The French chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul discovered creatine in meat two centuries ago. Extensive biochemical and physiological studies of this organic molecule followed with confirmation that creatine is found within the cytoplasm and mitochondria of human skeletal muscles. Two groups of investigators exploited these relationships five decades ago by first estimating the creatine pool size in vivo with C and N labelled isotopes.

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  • Lower ambient temperatures increase the energy needed to maintain body temperature, but this effect can be offset by environmental adjustments and behavioral changes.
  • A study using the IAEA DLW database involving 3,213 US adults found no significant impact of temperature on total energy expenditure (TEE), basal energy expenditure (BEE), activity energy expenditure (AEE), or physical activity level (PAL).
  • Although there were some significant relationships between TEE, BEE, and temperature for females after considering factors like age and body composition, these effects were not practically meaningful, indicating that indoor temperatures are typically regulated to maintain consistent energy expenditure regardless of outdoor temperature variations.
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  • Astronauts experience body mass loss and changes in body composition during long-term space missions, with a study observing these effects over 6 months on the International Space Station.* -
  • Measurements taken from 11 astronauts showed a significant decrease in body mass, primarily due to changes in physical activity and energy expenditure, with notable differences between individuals' responses to exercise.* -
  • Those who maintained higher energy expenditure while in space managed to preserve their fat-free mass, while others who decreased physical activity experienced a reduction in fat-free mass and an increase in body fat.*
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Background: Previous data have demonstrated that Tour de France riders maintain total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) between 3.5 and 5.5 times the basal metabolic rate (×BMR).

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Few biomarker-based validation studies have examined error in online self-report dietary assessment instruments, and food records (FRs) have been considered less than food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and 24-hour recalls (24HRs). We investigated measurement error in online and paper-based FFQs, online 24HRs, and paper-based FRs in 3 samples drawn primarily from 3 cohorts, comprising 1,393 women and 1,455 men aged 45-86 years. Data collection occurred from January 2011 to October 2013.

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Importance: Short sleep duration has been recognized as a risk factor for obesity. Whether extending sleep duration may mitigate this risk remains unknown.

Objective: To determine the effects of a sleep extension intervention on objectively assessed energy intake, energy expenditure, and body weight in real-life settings among adults with overweight who habitually curtailed their sleep duration.

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Low total energy expenditure (TEE, MJ/d) has been a hypothesized risk factor for weight gain, but repeatability of TEE, a critical variable in longitudinal studies of energy balance, is understudied. We examine repeated doubly labeled water (DLW) measurements of TEE in 348 adults and 47 children from the IAEA DLW Database (mean ± SD time interval: 1.9 ± 2.

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To date, nutritional epidemiology has relied heavily on relatively weak methods including simple observational designs and substandard measurements. Despite low internal validity and other sources of bias, claims of causality are made commonly in this literature. Nutritional epidemiology investigations can be improved through greater scientific rigor and adherence to scientific reporting commensurate with research methods used.

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Purpose: To identify the accuracy of Body Mass Index (BMI) to categorize body weight in a sample of children with spina bifida and Down syndrome as compared to typically developing peers.

Methods: A secondary analysis of 32 children with spina bifida, Down syndrome or no chronic illness. A calculated BMI was plotted on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention age- and sex-specific BMI growth charts to determine each child's weight status.

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Background: Physical activity may be a way to increase and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass.

Objectives: A study is presented of the association between FFM and physical activity in relation to age.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study, FFM was analyzed in relation to physical activity in a large participant group as compiled in the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database.

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