HEPATIC TO PULMONARY EMBOLISM OF ABSORBABLE GELATIN HEMOSTATIC SPONGE IN TWO EGYPTIAN FRUIT BATS ().

In a study on iron regulation, liver biopsies were collected at two time points from 34 adult Egyptian fruit bats (). An absorbable gelatin hemostatic sponge (GS) was inserted at biopsy sites for local hemostasis in 16 bats. In the subsequent 10 yr, 12 of these bats died or were euthanized, and 11 were examined histologically; in 2 bats, intravascular GS was identified in the lungs and in 1 bat, unabsorbed GS was also identified at the hepatic biopsy site.

MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF ENTERIC COCCIDIA ISOLATED FROM BLACK-FOOTED FERRETS (MUSTELA NIGRIPES).

Black-footed ferrets (BFF; Mustela nigripes) are the only ferret species native to North America and have been listed as endangered since 1967. Starting in 1986, a multi-institutional effort has been breeding this species in captivity with successful reintroductions back into the wild. Enteric coccidiosis is recognized as a frequent cause of juvenile morbidity and mortality in captive breeding programs, and can result in substantial population losses.

Molecular characterization of enteric coccidia from domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo).

Combined morphometric and molecular characterization of coccidia that infect domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) was completed to improve the diagnostic specificity of 'coccidiosis' in this host. Coccidia-positive fecal samples (n = 11) and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded intestinal tissues (n = 3) from domestic ferrets were collected from diagnostic laboratories in Canada and Europe. An average of 3.

Evaluation of the thermal antinociceptive effects of subcutaneous administration of butorphanol tartrate or butorphanol tartrate in a sustained-release poloxamer 407 gel formulation to orange-winged Amazon parrots ().

Objective: To determine the thermal antinociceptive effects of butorphanol tartrate and butorphanol tartrate in a sustained-release 25% poloxamer 407 (P407) gel formulation (But-P407) in parrots.

Animals: 13 orange-winged Amazon parrots ().

Procedures: First, butorphanol tartrate (5 mg/kg) or saline (0.

Pharmacokinetics of imidocarb dipropionate in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) after single intramuscular administration.

This study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of imidocarb, a carbanilide derivative, in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). The pharmacokinetic properties of a single intramuscular (IM) dose of imidocarb were determined in 10 deer. A single IM injection of 3.

Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile shedding by polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the Canadian Arctic.

Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile has been identified in humans and a wide range of animal species, but there has been little study of remote animal populations with limited human contact. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and types of C. difficile in wild and captive polar bears (Ursus maritimus).

Babesia odocoilei and zoonotic pathogens identified from Ixodes scapularis ticks in southern Ontario, Canada.

Cervid babesiosis, caused by the protozoan hemoparasite Babesia odocoilei and transmitted by the blacklegged tick Ixodes scapularis, is an emerging disease of Canadian cervids. This pathogen has not yet been described in humans. Data are lacking on the role of migratory birds in the adventitious spread of Ba.

ECHINOCOCCUS EQUINUS HYDATID CYST IN THE LIVER OF A PRZEWALSKI'S HORSE ( EQUUS PRZEWALSKII) IN A CANADIAN ZOO.

A 23-yr-old captive-born Przewalski's horse mare ( Equus przewalskii) was euthanized at a Canadian zoo because of severe colic resulting from rupture of a jejunal pseudodiverticulum. An incidental finding of an encysted larval cestode within a hepatic granuloma was diagnosed on histopathology. Gel-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on liver tissue was positive for Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, and deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing of the PCR product was 100% homologous with Echinococcus equinus.

MOLECULAR DETECTION OF BABESIA ODOCOILEI IN WILD, FARMED, AND ZOO CERVIDS IN ONTARIO, CANADA.

Babesia odocoilei, a tick-borne protozoan hemoparasite of white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus), is being increasingly recognized as a cause of disease in captive cervids in North America. Historically endemic in white-tailed deer, the natural wildlife reservoir in the southeastern US, B. odocoilei has been recently associated with hemolytic anemia in captive Eurasian tundra reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus tarandus), wapiti ( Cervus canadensis), and woodland caribou ( Rangifer tarandus caribou) in the northcentral and northeastern US and several Canadian provinces.

Pancreatitis and Systemic Coronavirus Infection in a Ferret ().

A 1-y-old spayed female ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was referred for additional diagnostic evaluation after physical examination by the referring veterinarian revealed a cranial abdominal mass. The ferret had a 2-wk history of inappetence, weight loss, and lethargy. On presentation, the ferret was thin, and an approximately 3-cm mass was palpable in the cranial abdomen.

Iron storage disease (hemochromatosis) and hepcidin response to iron load in two species of pteropodid fruit bats relative to the common vampire bat.

Hepcidin is the key regulator of iron homeostasis in the body. Iron storage disease (hemochromatosis) is a frequent cause of liver disease and mortality in captive Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus), but reasons underlying this condition are unknown. Hereditary hemochromatosis in humans is due to deficiency of hepcidin or resistance to the action of hepcidin.

as a cause of mortality in captive cervids in Canada.

Nine cases of fatal infection with were confirmed in reindeer and elk housed in zoological institutions located in southern Quebec, Ontario, and Manitoba, Canada between 2013 and 2016. All animals died of a hemolytic crisis. Frequent postmortem findings were extensive hemorrhage, pigmenturia, and intrahepatic cholestasis.

Aquatic bird bornavirus 1 infection in a captive Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae): presumed natural transmission from free-ranging wild waterfowl.

An adult female emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) presented with anorexia, maldigestion, weight loss, and various subtle nervous deficits. After four months of unrewarding diagnostics, treatments, and supportive care, the emu was euthanized due to lack of clinical improvement and progressive weight loss. Gross pathology revealed a very narrow pylorus and multiple flaccid diverticula of the small intestines.

Retro-orbital and disseminated B-cell lymphoma in a yellow-collared macaw .

A yellow-collared macaw was presented with unilateral left exophthalmia. The complete blood cell count and biochemistry revealed a heterophilic leukocytosis and elevation in liver parameters, respectively. A computed tomography scan showed a contrast-enhancing retrobulbar mass and hepatomegaly.

Pharmacokinetics of butorphanol tartrate in a long-acting poloxamer 407 gel formulation administered to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).

OBJECTIVE To determine pharmacokinetics of butorphanol tartrate incorporated into poloxamer 407 (P407) after SC administration to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). ANIMALS 11 adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (6 males and 5 females; 11 to 27 years old). PROCEDURES A sterile formulation of butorphanol in P407 (But-P407) 25% (percentage determined as [weight of P407/weight of diluent] × 100]) was created (8.

In vitro characterization of a formulation of butorphanol tartrate in a poloxamer 407 base intended for use as a parenterally administered slow-release analgesic agent.

OBJECTIVE To assess rheological properties and in vitro diffusion of poloxamer 407 (P407) and butorphanol-P407 (But-P407) hydrogels and to develop a sustained-release opioid formulation for use in birds. SAMPLE P407 powder and a commercially available injectable butorphanol tartrate formulation (10 mg/mL). PROCEDURES P407 and But-P407 gels were compounded by adding water or butorphanol to P407 powder.

Diagnosis and Management of Polycythemia Vera in a Ferret ().

A 5-y-old female ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was evaluated for diarrhea, anorexia, and lethargy for 1 wk. Only mild dehydration was detected on physical examination. CBC analysis revealed marked erythrocytosis with an unremarkable plasma biochemistry panel; follow-up CBC analyses revealed a consistent primary erythrocytosis.

Generalized Tetanus in a Gyrfalcon ( Falco rusticolus ) with Pododermatitis.

A 2-yr-old male gyrfalcon ( Falco rusticolus ) was presented for severe and generalized muscle spasticity and pododermatitis. The falcon had been treated for pododermatitis over the previous 4 mo. Muscle rigidity and spasms involved the entire bird but were more severe on the right leg.

Proximal duodenoileal anastomosis for treatment of small intestinal obstruction and volvulus in a green iguana (Iguana iguana).

CASE DESCRIPTION A 13-year-old female green iguana (Iguana iguana) was examined because of a 6-day history of vomiting, anorexia, and lethargy and a 4-day history of decreased fecal and urate output. CLINICAL FINDINGS Physical examination revealed a distended abdomen, signs of depression, pallor, tachycardia, harsh lung sounds, and vomiting. Abdominal radiographs revealed gas distention of the stomach and small intestine with fluid lines evident on the lateral view.

Pelvic Limb Amputation for the Treatment of a Soft-tissue Sarcoma of the Tibiotarso-tarsometatarsal Joint in a Blue-and-gold Macaw (Ara ararauna).

An unsexed, 16-year-old blue-and-gold macaw (Ara ararauna) was presented for evaluation of rapidly growing subcutaneous masses at the left tibiotarso-tarsometatarsal joint. Results of incisional biopsy were diagnostic for an intermediate-grade soft-tissue sarcoma. A distal-femoral amputation was performed and the leg was submitted for histopathology.

Aquatic Bird Bornavirus 1 in Wild Geese, Denmark.

To investigate aquatic bird bornavirus 1 in Europe, we examined 333 brains from hunter-killed geese in Denmark in 2014. Seven samples were positive by reverse transcription PCR and were 98.2%-99.

DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICAL TREATMENT OF A COMPLEX ANGULAR HIND LIMB DEFORMITY IN A SERVAL (FELIS SERVAL).

A 2-yr-old neutered male pet serval (Felis serval) was presented for progressive hind limb lameness that started at 6 mo of age. Previous therapy included only nutritional supplementation. Direct and video gait analysis confirmed bilateral hind limb lameness, more severe on the right.

Risk factors for saddle-related skin lesions on elephants used in the tourism industry in Thailand.

Background: Lesions related to working conditions and improper saddle design are a concern for a variety of working animals including elephants. The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of cutaneous lesions in anatomic regions (i.e.

Description of two new Isospora species causing visceral coccidiosis in captive superb glossy starlings, Lamprotornis superbus (Aves: Sturnidae).

Isospora greineri sp. n. and Isospora superbusi sp.