The corrosion products of proprietary and generic orthodontic fixed lingual retainers and their in-vitro cytotoxicity.

Objective: To assess the corrosion products and cytotoxicity of generic and proprietary fixed lingual retainers (FLRs).

Materials And Methods: Seven FLRs were investigated. Wires were submersed in solution for 34 days, at 37°C, under constant agitation.

Evaluation of the effect of different attachment configurations on molar teeth in maxillary expansion with clear aligners - a finite element analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of different attachment configurations with and without buccal root torque on expansion movements achieved with aligners through finite element analysis (FEA).

Methods: FEA modelling was done with 0.25 mm buccal expansion force application to the maxillary molars with different attachment configurations: Eight models were tested (1) no attachment (NA), (2) horizontal attachment (HA), (3) gingivally beveled horizontal attachment (GHA), and (4) occlusally beveled horizontal attachment (OHA), as well as models with 6buccal root torque, (5) no attachment (TNA), (6) horizontal attachment (THA), (7) gingivally beveled horizontal attachment (TGHA), and (8) occlusally beveled horizontal attachment (TOHA).

Upper airway morphology in adults with positional obstructive sleep apnea.

Purpose: To compare the anatomical balance and shape of the upper airway in the supine position between adults with positional obstructive sleep apnea (POSA) and adults with non-positional OSA (NPOSA).

Methods: Adults diagnosed with OSA (apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) > 10 events/h) were assessed for eligibility. POSA was defined as the supine AHI more than twice the AHI in non-supine positions; otherwise, patients were classified as NPOSA.

A retrospective comparison of two protocols for correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion in prepubertal children: hybrid hyrax expander with mandibular miniplates and rapid maxillary expansion with face mask.

Background: This study compared the skeletal and dental effects of a hybrid maxillary expander with mandibular miniplates (HE-MP) and Class III elastics to conventional tooth-borne rapid maxillary expander and face mask (RME-FM) in skeletal Class III treatment.

Methods: This retrospective study included 36 skeletal Class III patients. Eighteen patients (mean age 10.

Physical properties of root cementum: Part 29. The effects of LED-mediated photobiomodulation on orthodontically induced root resorption and pain: a pilot split-mouth randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: To examine the effects of light-emitting diode (LED)-mediated photobiomodulation (PBM) on orthodontic root resorption and pain.

Methods: Twenty patients (3 males, 17 females, mean age 15 years 6 months) needing bilateral maxillary first premolar extractions for orthodontic treatment were included in this single-centre, split-mouth randomized controlled trial. Both premolars received 150 g of buccal tipping force for 28 days.

The effect of micro-osteoperforations on orthodontic space closure investigated over 12 weeks: a split-mouth, randomized controlled clinical trial.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of minimally invasive micro-osteoperforations (MOPs) on orthodontic tooth movement and pain.

Design: Prospective, split-mouth, randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Single-centre, university hospital.

The effect of piezocision vs no piezocision on maxillary extraction space closure: A split-mouth, randomized controlled clinical trial.

Introduction: The aim of this 2-arm-parallel, split-mouth trial was to investigate the effects of piezocision compared with no piezocision on maxillary canine distalization and to evaluate patient perceptions on the surgical procedure.

Methods: Twenty-two participants requiring extractions of maxillary first premolars were recruited from the Department of Orthodontics (Sydney Dental Hospital) waiting list. After leveling and alignment, a minimum of 3 mm space was required for canine retraction.

Use of facial stereophotogrammetry as a screening tool for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea by dental specialists.

Study Objectives: To evaluate facial 3-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry's effectiveness as a screening tool for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) when used by dental specialists.

Methods: One hundred forty-four participants aged 2-17 years, including children fully diagnosed with pediatric OSA through nocturnal polysomnography or at high-risk or low-risk of pediatric OSA, participated in this study. 3D stereophotogrammetry, Craniofacial Index, and Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire were obtained from all participants.

Orthodontic retention: what's on the horizon?

Orthodontic retention remains one of the great challenges in orthodontics. In this article, we discuss what is on the horizon to help address this challenge, including biological approaches to reduce relapse, treating patients without using retainers, technological developments, personalised medicine and the impact of COVID-19 on approaches to orthodontic retention.

What Do We Know About Adherence to Oral Appliances?

Long-term effective therapy is essential for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) control and preventing comorbidity. OSA patients are often reported to be more receptive to oral appliance therapy over positive airway pressure (PAP). Oral appliance usage can now be objectively recorded by temperature microsensors.

The public perception of the differences between specialist orthodontists and general dentists: A comparison between Australia and Sweden.

Introduction: In Australia and Sweden, orthodontic treatments may be performed by either a general dental practitioner (GDP) or a specialist orthodontist. Evidence suggests that the public may easily confuse a GDP who provides orthodontic treatment with a specialist orthodontist. We conducted a survey of people in Australia and Sweden to assess their understanding of the differences between a specialist orthodontist and a GDP who provides orthodontic treatments.

The upper airway volume effects produced by Hyrax, Hybrid-Hyrax, and Keles keyless expanders: a single-centre randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To assess upper airway volume changes after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) with three different expanders.

Trial Design: Three-arm parallel randomized clinical trial.

Methods: Sixty-six patients, 10-16 years old, in permanent dentition, with maxillary transverse deficiency were recruited and assigned with block randomization (1:1:1 ratio) and allocation concealment to three groups of 22 patients each (Hyrax, Hybrid-Hyrax, and Keles keyless expander).

The effects of a clinically feasible application of low-level laser therapy on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement: A triple-blind, split-mouth, randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: This split-mouth trial aimed to investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the amount of maxillary canine distalization when applied every 4 weeks over 12 weeks.

Methods: Twenty-two adolescents and young adults (15 female, 7 male; aged 13-25 years; n = 22) requiring bilateral maxillary first premolar extractions were recruited. After extractions and leveling-alignment, canines were retracted using closed-coil nickel-titanium springs delivering 150 g of force.

Big toenail and hair samples as biomarkers for fluoride exposure - a pilot study.

Background: Biomarkers can aid in detecting and preventing clinical disease through the recognition of change in biological samples. The objective of this case-control study was to further the knowledge on the use of big toenail and hair samples as biomarkers for fluoride exposure.

Methods: A total of 48 participants from an endemic (IC) and a non-endemic (SC) fluorosis region were included.

Changes in sleep and airway variables in patients with obstructive sleep apnea after mandibular advancement splint treatment.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an extensive public health problem that imposes considerable morbidity. Mandibular advancement splint (MAS) therapy is a well tolerated treatment, but success rates are difficult to predict. Our objective was to investigate the relationship of oropharyngeal airway dimensions, sleep characteristics, patient biometrics, and treatment response within an OSA patient sample.

Myofunctional therapy and prefabricated functional appliances: an overview of the history and evidence.

Malocclusion represents the clinically observable endpoint of numerous genetic and environmental influences. Oral Myofunctional Therapy (OMT) aims to treat malocclusions by improving the oral environment through re-education of musculature and respiratory patterns. Although the concept of OMT has existed since the early part of the 20th Century, many of its purported benefits for the treatment of malocclusion remain undemonstrated in the scientific literature.

Differences in three-dimensional craniofacial anatomy between responders and non-responders to mandibular advancement splint treatment in obstructive sleep apnoea patients.

Aim: The primary aim of this study was to assess the differences in the upper airway morphology between responders and non-responders to mandibular advancement splint (MAS) treatment in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) management. The secondary aim was to assess the correlation between the minimum cross-sectional area of the upper airway and the anatomical structures (i.e.

Awake Multimodal Phenotyping for Prediction of Oral Appliance Treatment Outcome.

Study Objectives: An oral appliance (OA) is a validated treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, therapeutic response is not certain in any individual and is a clinical barrier to implementing this form of therapy. Therefore, accurate and clinically applicable prediction methods are needed.

A comparative histomorphological and micro computed tomography study of the primary stability and the osseointegration of The Sydney Mini Screw; a qualitative pilot animal study in New Zealand rabbits.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the potential of improving orthodontic miniscrews' (MSs) primary stability in vivo by evaluating the dispersion capacity of an injectable bone graft substitute (iBGS) through a newly designed hollow MS [The Sydney Mini Screw (SMS)] and its integration with the cortical and trabecular bone by using the femur and tibia in a New Zealand rabbit animal model.

Methods: In total, 24 MSs were randomly placed in each proximal tibia and femur of 6 New Zealand rabbits with an open surgery process. Aarhus MSs were used as controls and the effect of injection of iBGS was studied by implanting SMSs with and without iBGS injection.

Physical properties of root cementum: Part 27. Effect of low-level laser therapy on the repair of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption: A double-blind, split-mouth, randomized controlled clinical trial.

Introduction: The purpose of this 2-arm-parallel split-mouth trial was to investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the repair of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR).

Methods: Twenty patients were included in this study, with 1 side randomly assigned to receive LLLT, and the other side served as a sham. Eligibility criteria included need for bilateral maxillary first premolar extractions as part of fixed appliance treatment.