Navigating Lupus Nephritis: A Comprehensive Review of the Current Treatment Trends.

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a serious kidney complication associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), marked by the immune system's misdirected attack on kidney tissues, resulting in inflammation and compromised filtration. This condition has the potential to progress to end-stage renal disease in about 20% of patients within a decade of diagnosis. Lupus nephritis is more prevalent in females, highlighting the urgent need for effective treatment strategies.

Castleman Disease: A Rare Lymphoproliferative Disorder With Diverse Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment Approach.

Castleman disease (CD) includes rare and intricate lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by the abnormal growth of lymph nodes and immune system disturbances. It primarily presents in two forms: unicentric Castleman disease (UCD), which affects a single lymph node area, and multicentric Castleman disease (MCD), which involves multiple lymph nodes and systemic manifestations. The disease's underlying mechanisms are often linked to immune system irregularities, especially involving interleukin-6 (IL-6).

Dengue Fever Accompanied by Neurological Manifestations: Challenges and Treatment.

Dengue, commonly referred to as 'breakbone fever,' is a mosquito-borne arboviral infection transmitted by , featuring an average incubation period of approximately seven days. Key cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-10 are pivotal in the pathogenesis of dengue. Travelers are particularly susceptible to contracting dengue fever, with disease severity often associated with CD8+ T cell response.