Radiocontrast Agent Diatrizoic Acid Induces Mitophagy and Oxidative Stress via Calcium Dysregulation.

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is the third most common cause of hospital associated kidney damage. Potential mechanisms of CI-AKI may involve diminished renal hemodynamics, inflammatory responses, and direct cytotoxicity. The hypothesis for this study is that diatrizoic acid (DA) induces direct cytotoxicity to human proximal tubule (HK-2) cells via calcium dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress.

Contrast Induced Acute Kidney Injury and Direct Cytotoxicity of Iodinated Radiocontrast Media on Renal Proximal Tubule Cells.

The administration of intravenous iodinated radiocontrast media (RCM) to visualize internal structures during diagnostic procedures has increased exponentially since their first use in 1928. A serious side effect of RCM exposure is contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI), which is defined as an abrupt and prolonged decline in renal function occurring 48-72 hours after injection. Multiple attempts have been made to decrease the toxicity of RCM by altering ionic strength and osmolarity, yet there is little evidence to substantiate that a specific RCM is superior in avoiding CI-AKI.