An interdisciplinary approach to rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease: case series.

Interdisciplinary care is increasingly promoted to enhance satisfaction and outcomes for individuals with complex medical conditions, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). However, there is little research on the feasibility or efficacy of interdisciplinary care in clinical settings. And, while the use of an integrated team of allied health professionals has the potential to provide significant health benefits to individuals with PD, there are educational and logistical barriers to the use of interdisciplinary care in clinical settings.

A hybrid type II effectiveness-implementation trial of a positive emotion regulation intervention among people living with HIV engaged in Ryan White Medical Case Management: protocol and design for the ORCHID study.

Background: The Ryan White Medical Case Management System, which serves more than half of people living with HIV (PLWH) in the USA, is an opportune setting for identifying and addressing depression among PLWH. A growing body of research suggests that interventions that promote positive emotion may lessen symptoms of depression and improve physical and psychological well-being among people experiencing a variety of health-related stress, including living with HIV. Research on how best to integrate standardized mental health screening and referral to evidence-based interventions in Ryan White Medical Case Management settings has the potential to improve the health and wellbeing of PLWH.

Ratings of perceived effort during expiratory pressure tasks in healthy adults.

Purpose: Expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) is a resistance exercise used to improve maximal expiratory pressure and airway protective functions (cough and swallow) in clinical populations. Although ratings of perceived exertion/effort (RPE) are commonly used in exercise prescription and monitoring, they have been underutilized in EMST and require investigation. Our study aims were to: (1) examine how healthy adults rate their effort using the EMST-150 device and MicroRPM respiratory manometer; (2) assess variability in RPE; and (3) compare RPE and relative expiratory pressures obtained from the two devices.

An exploratory study of community violence and HIV care engagement among Black gay and bisexual men.

This study examined the relationship between exposure to community violence and HIV care engagement among 107 Black gay or bisexual men living with HIV in Chicago. Measures assessed the importance of demographic covariates (age, annual income, health insurance status, and years living with HIV), community violence exposures, mental health, social support, in explaining variations in missed doses of antiretroviral therapy (ART) medication and missed HIV care appointments. Results showed that participants who reported higher rates of exposure to community violence were two times more likely to have missed ART doses and HIV care appointments.

Police Violence Experienced by Black Gay and Bisexual Men: The Effects on HIV Care Engagement and Medication Adherence.

Black men face high rates of police violence, including direct victimization and indirect exposure to or knowledge of harmful policing. This violence can result in death and physical harm, as well as in numerous poor mental health outcomes. There has been little research examining experiences of police violence experienced by Black gay and bisexual men or the effects of police brutality on HIV continuum of care outcomes.

Behavioral Management of Respiratory/Phonatory Dysfunction for Dysarthria Associated With Neurodegenerative Disease: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: This systematic review represents an update to previous reviews of the literature addressing behavioral management of respiratory/phonatory dysfunction in individuals with dysarthria due to neurodegenerative disease.

Method: Multiple electronic database searches and hand searches of prominent speech-language pathology journals were conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standards.

Results: The search yielded 1,525 articles, from which 88 met inclusion criteria and were reviewed by two blinded co-investigators.

The Inherent Violence of Anti-Black Racism and its Effects on HIV Care for Black Sexually Minoritized Men.

The goal of this study was to examine the effects of racial discrimination, depression, and Black LGBTQ community support on HIV care outcomes among a sample of Black sexually minoritized men living with HIV. We conducted a cross-sectional survey with 107 Black sexually minoritized men living with HIV in Chicago. A path model was used to test associations between racial discrimination, Black LGBTQ community support, depressive symptoms, and missed antiretroviral medication doses and HIV care appointments.

Sensorimotor Cough Dysfunction in Cerebellar Ataxias.

Cerebellar ataxias are neurological conditions with a high prevalence of aspiration pneumonia and dysphagia. Recent research shows that sensorimotor cough dysfunction is associated with airway invasion and dysphagia in other neurological conditions and may increase the risk of pneumonia. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize sensorimotor cough function and its relationship with ataxia severity.

Understanding the impact of police brutality on Black sexually minoritized men.

Young Black gay, bisexual, and other sexually minoritized men (SMM) face high levels of police brutality and other negative, unwarranted encounters with the police. Such interactions have known health consequences. The purpose of this study was to understand the health, mental health, and social consequences of police brutality experienced by young Black SMM.

Auditory-Perceptual Assessments of Cough: Characterizing Rater Reliability and the Effects of a Standardized Training Protocol.

Introduction: Auditory-perceptual assessments of cough are commonly used by speech-language pathologists working with people with swallowing disorders with emerging evidence beginning to demonstrate their validity; however, their reliability among novice clinicians is unknown. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to characterize the reliability of auditory-perceptual assessments of cough among a group of novice clinicians. As a secondary aim, we assessed the effects of a standardized training protocol on the reliability of auditory-perceptual assessments of cough.

Cough and Swallowing Therapy and Their Effects on Vocal Fold Bowing and Laryngeal Lesions.

Objective: Expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) and sensorimotor training of airway protection (smTAP) are two exercises intended to improve cough and swallowing in people with Parkinson's Disease (PwPD). The aims of this study were to (1) examine whether EMST or smTAP elicit changes to vocal fold bowing; and (2) describe the safety of EMST and smTAP as it relates to the development of vocal fold lesions.

Method(s): This was a secondary analysis of data from PwPD who completed EMST or smTAP as part of a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Normative Reference Values for FEES and VASES: Preliminary Data From 39 Nondysphagic, Community-Dwelling Adults.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to establish preliminary reference values for the Visual Analysis of Swallowing Efficiency and Safety (VASES)-a standardized rating methodology used to evaluate swallowing safety and efficiency for flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES).

Method: FEES were completed in nondysphagic, community-dwelling adults using a standardized protocol of 15 swallowing trials that varied by bolus size, consistency, contrast agent, and swallowing instructions. FEES were blindly analyzed using VASES.

Severe maternal morbidity trends over 20 years in a tertiary referral stand-alone maternity unit.

Objective: Severe maternal morbidity (SMM) is a better indicator of quality of care than maternal mortality, which is a rare event. Risk factors such as advanced maternal age, caesarean section (CS) and obesity are increasing. The aim of this study was to examine the rate and trends in SMM at our hospital over a 20-year period.

"The Fight is Two Times as Hard": A Qualitative Examination of a Violence Syndemic Among Young Black Sexual Minority Men.

Young Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) are disproportionately impacted by violence, including violence rooted in anti-Black racism, sexual identity bullying, and neighborhood violence rooted in structural racism and inequities. These multiple forms of violence are frequently co-occurring and interactive creating syndemic conditions that can negatively impact HIV care. This qualitative study is based on in-depth interviews with 31 YBMSM, aged 16-30 years, living with HIV in Chicago, IL, to examine how violence has impacted their lives.

A review of the DTaP-IPV-HB-PRP-T Hexavalent vaccine in pediatric patients.

Introduction: Hexaxim is a hexavalent vaccine approved as primary and booster vaccination in infants 6 weeks and older, protecting against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b.

Areas Covered: To evaluate the immunogenicity and reactogenicity (safety) of Hexaxim (Hexyon, Hexacima) in primary and booster vaccine schedules; long-term antibody persistence; concomitant use with other childhood vaccines and use in immunocompromised infants. Hexaxim was found to be noninferior to other licensed hexavalent vaccines, being highly immunogenic for all toxoids/antigens and with an acceptable safety profile.

The Role of Aspiration Amount on Airway Protective Responses in People with Neurogenic Dysphagia.

The aim of this study was to examine relationships between the presence vs. absence of an aspiration-related airway protective response (i.e.

The Relationship Between Lingual Strength and Functional Swallowing Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease.

The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine whether reduced lingual strength was associated with functional swallowing outcomes in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Participants (N = 42) completed evaluations of maximal lingual isometric pressure (MIP) and mean lingual swallowing pressure (MSP), and flexible endoscopic evaluations of swallowing. Regression models were used to determine the association between lingual strength and functional swallowing outcomes of airway invasion, the presence of post-swallow pharyngeal residue, and the amount of pharyngeal residue (when present).

Rehabilitating Cough Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Disorders of airway protection (cough and swallowing) are pervasive in Parkinson's disease (PD) resulting in a high incidence of aspiration pneumonia and death. However, there are no randomized controlled trials comparing strength and skill-based approaches to improve airway protection in PD.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) and sensorimotor training for airway protection (smTAP) to improve cough-related outcomes in people with PD.

Rehabilitation of Airway Protection in Individuals With Movement Disorders: A Telehealth Feasibility Study.

Purpose: Airway protective deficits (swallowing and cough) greatly reduce health and quality of life and are a pervasive consequence of neurodegenerative movement disorders. Expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) and cough skill training (CST) are two treatment approaches to improve airway protection; however, many patients are unable to access these treatments. Telehealth may improve access to care, but it remains unknown whether these treatments are feasible and efficacious via telehealth.

COVID-19, Retention in HIV Care, and Access to Ancillary Services for Young Black Men Living with HIV in Chicago.

This study conducted 28 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with Young Black Men who have Sex with Men in Chicago to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on their HIV care and ancillary service access. The qualitative analysis identified both negative and positive effects. The negative effects included: (l) mixed disruptions in linkage to and receipt of HIV care and ancillary services, and (2) heightened concerns about police and racial tensions in Chicago following the murder of George Floyd, contributing to possible disruption of retention in care.

Effects of Bolus Holding on Respiratory-Swallow Coordination in Parkinson's Disease.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of bolus holding on respiratory-swallow coordination (RSC) in people with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Method: People with PD were prospectively recruited to undergo RSC assessment using simultaneous respiratory inductive plethysmography and flexible laryngoscopy. During RSC assessment, participants swallowed 5-ml thin liquid boluses during held and nonheld swallowing tasks.