Targeting Parkin-regulated metabolomic change in cartilage in the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Articular cartilage degeneration may lead to osteoarthritis (OA) during the aging process, but its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we found that chondrocytes exhibited an energy metabolism shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) during aging. Parkin regulates various cellular metabolic processes.

Enhanced articular cartilage regeneration using costal chondrocyte-derived scaffold-free tissue engineered constructs with ascorbic acid treatment.

Background: Cartilage tissue engineering faces challenges related to the use of scaffolds and limited seed cells. This study aims to propose a cost-effective and straightforward approach using costal chondrocytes (CCs) as an alternative cell source to overcome these challenges, eliminating the need for special culture equipment or scaffolds.

Methods: CCs were cultured at a high cell density with and without ascorbic acid treatment, serving as the experimental and control groups, respectively.

Comparative Analysis of Hyaline Cartilage Characteristics and Chondrocyte Potential for Articular Cartilage Repair.

This study aimed to compare the histological, biochemical, and mechanical characteristics of hyaline cartilage in different regions and evaluate the potential of chondrocytes extracted from each region as donor sources for articular cartilage repair. The cartilage tissues of the femoral head and knee joint, ribs, nasal septum, thyroid, and xiphoid process of adult Bama pigs were isolated for histological, biochemical, and mechanical evaluation and analysis. The corresponding chondrocytes were isolated and evaluated for proliferation and redifferentiation capacity, using biochemical and histological analysis and RT-PCR experiments.

Costal Cartilage Graft Repair Osteochondral Defect in a Mouse Model.

Objective: Osteochondral defects develop into osteoarthritis without intervention. Costal cartilage can be utilized as an alternative source for repairing osteochondral defect. Our previous clinical study has shown the successful osteochondral repair by costal cartilage graft with integration into host bone bed.

Engineering exosomes derived from subcutaneous fat MSCs specially promote cartilage repair as miR-199a-3p delivery vehicles in Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease involving cartilage. Exosomes derived from Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy improves articular cartilage repair, but subcutaneous fat (SC) stromal cells derived exosomes (MSCs-Exos), especially engineering MSCs-Exos for drug delivery have been rarely reported in OA therapy. This objective of this study was to clarify the underlying mechanism of MSCs-Exos on cartilage repair and therapy of engineering MSCs-Exos for drug delivery in OA.

ADSCs increase the autophagy of chondrocytes through decreasing miR-7-5p in Osteoarthritis rats by targeting ATG4A.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly degenerative joint disease, mainly companying with progressive destruction of articular cartilage. Adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) therapy enhances articular cartilage repair, extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and attenuates joints inflammation, but specific mechanisms of therapeutic benefit remain poorly understood. This study aimed to clarify the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of ADSCs on cartilage damage in the keen joint of OA rat model.

Treatment of Advanced Kienböck's Disease Using 3D Printing Assisted Autologous Costochondral Transplantation: A Case Report.

Case: We describe a patient with advanced Kienböck's disease, treated with 3-dimensional (3D) printing assisted costochondral transplantation. Cartilage shaping was achieved according to a biomimetic 3D-printed prosthesis designed by mirror symmetry of the healthy wrist. The inserted cartilage spacer was fixed using the autologous palmar longus tendon.

Autologous Costal Cartilage Grafting for a Large Osteochondral Lesion of the Femoral Head: A 1-Year Single-Arm Study with 2 Additional Years of Follow-up.

Background: There is currently no ideal treatment for osteochondral lesions of the femoral head (OLFH) in young patients.

Methods: We performed a 1-year single-arm study and 2 additional years of follow-up of patients with a large (defined as >3 cm 2 ) OLFH treated with insertion of autologous costal cartilage graft (ACCG) to restore femoral head congruity after lesion debridement. Twenty patients ≤40 years old who had substantial hip pain and/or dysfunction after nonoperative treatment were enrolled at a single center.

Co-culture pellet of human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells and rat costal chondrocytes as a candidate for articular cartilage regeneration: in vitro and in vivo study.

Background: Seeding cells are key factors in cell-based cartilage tissue regeneration. Monoculture of either chondrocyte or mesenchymal stem cells has several limitations. In recent years, co-culture strategies have provided potential solutions.

Case Report: Diagnosis of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IVA With Compound Heterozygous Galactosamine-6 Sulfatase Variants and Biopsy of Replaced Femoral Heads.

Introduction: Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IVA (MPS IVA) or Morquio A Syndrome, is a rare metabolic disorder caused by compromised galactosamine-6 sulfatase (GALNS) encoded by gene (NM_000512.5), leading to keratin sulfate (KS), and chondroitin-6-sulfate accumulation in various organs. We present a 17-year-old woman with progressive bilateral hip pain and radiographic evidence of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia.

Anti-hypertrophic effect of synovium-derived stromal cells on costal chondrocytes promotes cartilage repairs.

Background: Costal chondrocytes (CCs), as a promising donor cell source for cell-based therapy for cartilage repair, have strong tendency of hypertrophy and calcification, which limited CCs from further application in cartilage regenerative medicine. Synovium-derived stromal cells (SDSCs), have shown their beneficial effect for chondrocytes to maintain phenotype. This study aims to investigate whether SDSCs could help CCs to maintain chondrogenic phenotype and suppress hypertrophic differentiation in cartilage repairs.

An Injectable Multifunctional Dual-Phase Bead-Reinforced Gelatin Matrix Permissive of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Infiltration for Musculoskeletal Soft Tissue Repair.

This study develops a novel strategy for regenerative therapy of musculoskeletal soft tissue defects using a dual-phase multifunctional injectable gelatin-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid (Gtn-HPA) composite. The dual-phase gel consists of stiff, degradation-resistant, ≈2-mm diameter spherical beads made from 8 wt% Gtn-HPA in a 2 wt% Gtn-HPA matrix. The results of a 3D migration assay show that both the cell number and migration distance in the dual-phase gel system are comparable with the 2 wt% mono-phase Gtn-HPA, but notably significantly higher than for 8 wt% mono-phase Gtn-HPA (into which few cells migrated).

Recent advances of hydrogel-based biomaterials for intervertebral disc tissue treatment: A literature review.

Low back pain is an increasingly prevalent symptom mainly associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. It is highly correlated with aging, as the nucleus pulposus (NP) dehydrates and annulus fibrosus fissure formatting, which finally results in the IVD herniation and related clinical symptoms. Hydrogels have been drawing increasing attention as the ideal candidates for IVD degeneration because of their unique properties such as biocompatibility, highly tunable mechanical properties, and especially the water absorption and retention ability resembling the normal NP tissue.

Current surgical options and innovation for repairing articular cartilage defects in the femoral head.

Unlabelled: Total hip arthroplasty is a common surgical technique, yet it has severe complications, such as loosening and repeated revision. Thus, hip-preserving surgical options should be considered first to treat cartilage defects in the femoral head, especially for younger patients. Current surgical options for chondral repair of the femoral head include microfracture, trapdoor procedure, transplantation of osteochondral allografts and autografts, and autologous chondrocyte implantation.

Autologous costal chondral transplantation and costa-derived chondrocyte implantation: emerging surgical techniques.

It is a great challenge to cure symptomatic lesions and considerable defects of hyaline cartilage due to its complex structure and poor self-repair capacity. If left untreated, unmatured degeneration will cause significant complications. Surgical intervention to repair cartilage may prevent progressive joint degeneration.

Two-Incision, Wire-Assisted Achilles Tendon Z-Lengthening: Surgical Technique and Case Report.

Achilles tendon lengthening is an important surgical procedure to manage gastrocnemius-soleus complex contracture. Because the Achilles tendon fibers twist like Manila rope and torsion varies widely, it is very difficult for any current lengthening procedure to be performed that accurately follows the rotation of the fibers; thus, irregular sliding or repeated cutting of the fibers may result. We present a patient with Achilles tendon contracture in whom the tendon was divided coronally along the twisted fibers using a stainless-steel wire before hemisection for Z-lengthening; thus, hemisection could be performed not only with minimal invasion but also accurately.

Microstereolithography-Based Fabrication of Anatomically Shaped Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering.

Porous ceramic scaffolds with shapes matching the bone defects may result in more efficient grafting and healing than the ones with simple geometries. Using computer-assisted microstereolithography (MSTL), we have developed a novel gelcasting indirect MSTL technology and successfully fabricated two scaffolds according to CT images of rabbit femur. Negative resin molds with outer 3D dimensions conforming to the femur and an internal structure consisting of stacked meshes with uniform interconnecting struts, 0.

Repairing Osteochondral Defects of Critical Size Using Multiple Costal Grafts: An Experimental Study.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of repairing osteochondral defects of critical size by performing mosaicplasty using multiple sliced costal cartilage grafts, which enables repair of extensively injured knees using grafts from a single rib.

Design: Critical osteochondral defects were prepared on the femoral groove of skeletally mature Japanese white rabbits. Costal cartilage grafts from a single rib were harvested and sliced into multiple segments (approximately 3-5 mm in length).

Fabrication and perfusion culture of anatomically shaped artificial bone using stereolithography.

Because patient bone defects are usually varied and complicated in geometry, it would be preferred to fabricate custom-made artificial bone grafts that are anatomically specific to individual patient defects. Using a rabbit femoral segment as a bone reconstruction model, we successfully produced customized ceramic scaffolds by stereolithography, which not only had an anatomically correct external shape according to computed tomography data but also contained an interconnecting internal network of channels designed for perfusion culture. Rabbit bone marrow stromal cells were isolated and cultured with these scaffolds using a novel oscillatory perfusion system that was stereolithographically fabricated to fit well to the unique scaffold shapes.

Influence of cassette design on three-dimensional perfusion culture of artificial bone.

Media perfusion is often required to maintain cell viability within topographically complex 3-dimensional scaffold cultures. Osteoblast-seeded scaffolds for bone regeneration require robust cell proliferation and survival both within the scaffold and over the exterior for optimal osteogenic capacity. Conventional press-fitting cassettes ensure internal fluid flow through the scaffold but may restrict external flow around the scaffold, resulting in a barren (cell-free) external scaffold surface.

3D culture of osteoblast-like cells by unidirectional or oscillatory flow for bone tissue engineering.

A medium perfusion system is expected to be beneficial for three-dimensional (3D) culture of engineered bone, not only by chemotransport enhancement but also by mechanical stimulation. In this study, perfusion systems with either unidirectional or oscillatory medium flow were developed, and the effects of the different flow profiles on 3D culturing of engineered bone were studied. Mouse osteoblast-like MC 3T3-E1 cells were 3D-cultured with porous ceramic scaffolds in vitro for 6 days under static and hydrodynamic conditions with either a unidirectional or oscillatory flow.

Oscillatory perfusion culture of CaP-based tissue engineering bone with and without dexamethasone.

Dexamethasone, a powerful osteogenic agent for osteoblast differentiation, has been suggested to have synergistic effects when applied together with perfusion culture. As ceramic scaffolds are widely used clinically and oscillatory flow well replicates the natural physical conditions, the biological effects of dexamethasone on oscillatory perfusion culture of CaP-based tissue engineering bone were investigated in this study. Mouse osteoblast-like cells, MC 3T3-E1, were seeded onto porous ceramic scaffolds using the oscillatory perfusion method.

Oscillatory perfusion seeding and culturing of osteoblast-like cells on porous beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds.

Perfusion culture systems have proven to be effective bioreactors for constructing tissue engineered bone in vitro, but existing circuit-based perfusion systems are complicated and costly for conditioned culture due to the large medium volume required. A compact perfusion system for artificial bone fabrication using oscillatory flow is described here. Mouse osteoblast-like MC 3T3-E1 cells were seeded at 1.