Relationships between the Planetary Health Diet Index, its food groups, and polygenic risk of obesity in the CARTaGENE cohort.

Background: The Planetary Health Diet, proposed by the EAT-Lancet Commission, seeks to promote a sustainable and healthy diet for both humans and the environment. However, few studies have investigated relationships between the Planetary Health Diet and the genetic pathway of obesity. The aim of this study was to assess whether adherence to a Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) mediated or moderated the genetic susceptibility to obesity.

Correction: Comprehensive Profiling of Plasma Fatty Acid Concentrations in Young Healthy Canadian Adults.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Interactions between Polygenic Risk of Obesity and Dietary Factors on Anthropometric Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Background: Diet is an important determinant of health and may moderate genetic susceptibility to obesity, but meta-analyses of available evidence are lacking.

Objectives: This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze evidence on the moderating effect of diet on genetic susceptibility to obesity, assessed with polygenic risk scores (PRS).

Methods: A systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to retrieve observational studies that examined PRS-diet interactions on obesity-related outcomes.

Disentangling inhibition toward food and non-food stimuli across two hunger levels: An fNIRS study.

While individuals tend to display poorer inhibitory control toward food-related than neutral stimuli, it is unclear whether this challenge is specific to food or extends to other pleasant stimuli. Uncertainty also remains regarding the general impact of hunger on inhibition. To address these questions, we used a within-subjects design whereby 44 healthy adults completed two go/no-go tasks including no-go images of highly palatable foods and no-go images of animals matched for valence and physical properties.

TAS2R38 haplotypes, COVID-19 infection, and symptomatology: a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

The TAS2R38 gene is well known for its function in bitter taste sensitivity, but evidence also suggests a role in innate immunity. TAS2R38 may be relevant in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but research findings are inconsistent. The objective of this study was to explore whether common TAS2R38 haplotypes are associated with COVID-19 infection and symptomatology in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).

Plant-based dietary patterns and genetic susceptibility to obesity in the CARTaGENE cohort.

Objective: The study's objective was to examine whether adherence to three plant-based dietary indices (PDIs) mediated or moderated genetic susceptibility to obesity.

Methods: Baseline participants were 7037 adults (57% women, aged 55.6 ± 7.

Does Insulin Delivery Technology Change Our Relationship with Foods? A Scoping Review.

Automated insulin delivery (AID) systems reduce burden and improve glycemic management for people with type 1 diabetes (PwT1D) by automatically adjusting insulin as a response to measured glucose levels. There is a lack of evidence on AID and nutrition variables such as dietary intake, eating behaviors, and disordered eating. This scoping review aims to provide a summary of the literature regarding AID and nutrition variables and to identify gaps that require further investigation.

An Investigation of TAS2R38 Haplotypes, Dietary Intake, and Risk Factors for Chronic Disease in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

Background: Variation in common taste receptor type 2 member 38 (TAS2R38) haplotypes is associated with bitter-taste sensitivity, but associations with dietary intake and risk factors for chronic disease are inconsistent.

Objectives: To determine whether common TAS2R38 haplotypes are associated with dietary intake and risk factors for chronic disease using cross-sectional data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 26,090). Outcomes were assessed among the full sample and stratified by sex.

A More Supportive Social Environment May Protect Against Nutritional Risk: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Using Data From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

Background: Nutritional risk has been linked to individual social factors, but the relationship with the overall social environment has not been assessed.

Objectives: To evaluate associations between different support profiles of the social environment and nutritional risk using cross-sectional data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 20,206). Subgroup analyses were performed among middle-aged (range, 45-64 y; n = 12,726) and older-aged (≥65 y, n = 7480) adults.

The Effects of Food Advertisements on Food Intake and Neural Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Recent Experimental Studies.

Food advertisements are ubiquitous in our daily environment. However, the relationships between exposure to food advertising and outcomes related to ingestive behavior require further investigation. The objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioral and neural responses to food advertising in experimental studies.

Measuring food-related inhibition with go/no-go tasks: Critical considerations for experimental design.

The use of go/no-go tasks to assess inhibitory control over food stimuli is becoming increasingly popular. However, the wide variability in the design of these tasks makes it difficult to fully leverage their results. The goal of this commentary was to provide researchers with crucial aspects to consider when designing food-related go/no-go experiments.

Adherence to a caloric budget and body weight change vary by season, gender, and BMI: An observational study of daily users of a mobile health app.

Objective: Self-monitoring, one of the most important behaviors for successful weight loss, can be facilitated through mobile health applications (mHealth apps). Therefore, it is of interest to determine whether consistent users of these apps succeed in achieving their weight goals. This study used data from an mHealth app that enabled tracking of caloric intake, body weight, and physical activity and provided a caloric budget depending on weight goal.

Food Values, Food Purchasing, and Eating-Related Outcomes Among a Sample of Quebec Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This investigation evaluated food values, food purchasing, and other food and eating-related outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec, Canada. The role of stress in eating outcomes was also examined. An online household survey was conducted among Quebec adults aged ≥18 years (n = 658).

Reproducibility and validity of the Toronto-modified Harvard food frequency questionnaire in a multi-ethnic sample of young adults.

Background/objectives: To assess the reproducibility and validity of a Toronto-modified Harvard food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) among a multi-ethnic sample of young adults.

Subjects/methods: A total of 150 participants recruited from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study cohort who had existing dietary intakes assessed by FFQ (FFQ1) and reassessment one year later (FFQ2). Of these, 100 participants also completed a three-day food record to evaluate the validity of the FFQ for 38 nutrients (energy, 14 macronutrients, 22 micronutrients, and 1 bioactive).

The Endocannabinoid System and Eating Behaviours: a Review of the Current State of the Evidence.

Purpose Of The Review: The endocannabinoid system (ENS) has emerged as an important factor in food intake and may have implications for nutrition research. The objective of the current report is to summarise the available evidence on the ENS and eating behaviour from both animal and human studies.

Recent Findings: The literature reviewed demonstrates a clear link between the ENS and eating behaviours.

Longitudinal Patterns of Food Procurement Over the Course of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From a Canadian Online Household Survey.

Introduction: Consumer food procurement during the COVID-19 pandemic has been understudied. This investigation aimed to longitudinally evaluate food procurement patterns, concern of virus exposure in grocery retailers, and food access challenges over the pandemic among a sample of households in Quebec, Canada.

Methods: Online surveys were collected at three time points of the pandemic: first wave in spring 2020 (lockdown period), summer 2020 (deconfinement period), and second wave in winter 2021 (curfew period).

Multiscale Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease: CLSA Analysis of Genetic and Psychosocial Factors.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a complex disease resulting from multiscale risk factors including genetics, age, and psychosocial factors (PSFs) such as depression and social isolation. However, previous research has lacked in operationalizing multiscale risk factors to determine individual and interactive associations over the life course. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate individual and interactive associations of multiscale risk factors for CVD outcomes including genetics and PSFs at middle and older-aged stages of the life course.

Common variants in the CD36 gene are associated with dietary fat intake, high-fat food consumption and serum triglycerides in a cohort of Quebec adults.

Background: The CD36 gene is a candidate for sensory detection of fatty acids and has been associated with individual differences in fat preferences and consumption. Excess adiposity may compromise sensory detection, but few studies have examined whether associations between CD36 variants and fat consumption differ between underweight/normal weight (UW/NW) and overweight/obese (OW/OB) individuals.

Methods: Diet (assessed by food frequency questionnaire), genetic (nine variants), body mass index (BMI), lifestyle and biomarker data were obtained from the CARTaGENE biobank (n = 12,065), a Quebec cohort of middle-aged adults.

Healthcare Professional Clinical Actions following Nutrigenomics Testing in Practice.

Background: Clinical demand for nutrigenomics testing (NGT) is increasing, underscoring the importance of assessing healthcare professional (HCP) competence and clinical actions with NGT in practice. While previous studies have explored HCP perceptions of NGT, no study has examined real HCP experiences with NGT in practice.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical experience of providing NGT among early adopter HCPs who have used NGT in their practice.

Diet Quality and Food Prices Modify Associations between Genetic Susceptibility to Obesity and Adiposity Outcomes.

The role of the retail food environment in obesity risk is unclear, which may be due in part to the lack of consideration of individual differences in the responsivity to food cues. This cross-sectional investigation geo-temporally linked the CARTaGENE biobank (including genetic, dietary, lifestyle, and anthropometric data) with in-store retail food environment data to examine interactions between a polygenic risk score (PRS) for obesity and (1) diet quality ( = 6807) and (2) in-store retail food measures ( = 3718). The outcomes included adiposity-related measures and diet quality assessed using the 2010 Canadian-adapted Healthy Eating Index.