Genetic instability of a single exposure to sevoflurane at different concentrations in monitored mice.

Sevoflurane is an inhalation anesthetic widely used for general anesthesia, but its genotoxic potential is controversial in clinical studies. It is unknown whether the effects are due to surgery or the anesthetic. Thus, for the first time, the present study investigated genotoxicity in peripheral blood cells and in target organs (liver, lung, and kidney) and micronucleus (MN) in the bone marrow of a single exposure to sevoflurane at three different concentrations in monitored mice.

Disperse Red 1 azo dye: Consequences of low-dose/low-concentration exposures in mice and zebrafish.

Color Index Disperse Red 1 (DR1), an azo dye widely used in the textile industry and released into aquatic environments, is genotoxic in somatic cells, but little is known concerning its effects on the reproductive system or the early stages of embryonic development. We have assessed the effects on the spermatozoa of male mice following oral exposure to the dye, at low doses, for 14 days. Measured endpoints were DNA damage (comet assay), miRNA-34c levels, and sperm number, morphology, and motility.

Combined expression of JHDM1D/KDM7A gene and long non-coding RNA RP11-363E7.4 as a biomarker for urothelial cancer prognosis.

Bladder cancer is the tenth most frequently diagnosed cancer globally. Classification of high- or low-grade tumors is based on cytological differentiation and is an important prognostic factor. LncRNAs regulate gene expression and play critical roles in the occurrence and development of cancer, however, there are few reports on their diagnostic value and co-expression levels with genes, which may be useful as specific biomarkers for prognosis and therapy in bladder cancer.

Oxidative Stress Responses in Obese Individuals Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: Impact on Carcinogenesis.

Obesity is a big public health problem that claims several thousand lives every year. Bariatric surgery has arisen as a suitable procedure for treating obesity, particularly morbid obesity. Oxidative stress, genotoxicity, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses are recognized as the most important occurrences in carcinogenesis, as they actively contribute to the multistep process.

Comet assay as a suitable biomarker for oral carcinogenesis: a systematic review.

Background And Objectives: In order to detect genetic damage, different methods have been developed, such as micronuclei and comet assay. The comet assay presents some advantages when compared to the other aforementioned methods, including wide versatility, as any eukaryotic cell can be evaluated at an individual cellular level. In this context, the aim of this systematic review was designed to help further elucidate the following question: is the comet assay a suitable biomarker of oral carcinogenesis?

Material And Methods: The present systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

The impact of genetic polymorphisms on genotoxicity in workers occupationally exposed to pesticides: a systematic review.

In a world with a rising use of pesticides, these chemicals, although designed to effectively control pests, pose potential threats to the environment and non-target organisms, including humans. Thus, this systematic review aims to investigate a possible association between genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility and genotoxicity in individuals occupationally exposed to pesticides. This review was conducted following the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria.

LncRNA Is a Key Biomarker for Progression and Modulation of Gemcitabine Sensitivity in Bladder Cancer Cells.

Long non-coding RNAs are frequently found to be dysregulated and are linked to carcinogenesis, aggressiveness, and chemoresistance in a variety of tumors. As expression levels of the gene and lncRNA are altered in bladder tumors, we sought to use their combined expression to distinguish between low-and high-grade bladder tumors by RTq-PCR. In addition, we evaluated the functional role of and its association with the modulation of gemcitabine sensitivity in high-grade bladder-tumor cells.

toxicogenomic activity of an MTA/salicylate-based endodontic sealer.

This study was designed to investigate whether mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Fillapex®, an MTA/salicylate-based endodontic sealer, exerts cytotoxic and toxicogenomic effects on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). HGFs were exposed to MTA Fillapex® at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% for 24 h. Cytotoxicity, cell survival (5 days), cell cycle kinetics (flow cytometry), genotoxicity (comet assay), and gene (, , and ) expression profiles were evaluated using reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Is micronucleus assay in oral exfoliated cells a useful biomarker for biomonitoring populations exposed to pesticides? A systematic review with meta-analysis.

The systematic review (SR) with meta-analysis aimed to infer if micronucleus assay using oral mucosal cells a useful biomarker for biomonitoring populations continuously exposed to pesticides (EP). The SR has been made in accordance with the PRISMA-P guidelines. The PICOS strategy has focused to answer the following question: "Does exposure to pesticides cause genetic damage in oral cells?" The literature search was made in the following scientific databases: Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, and Scopus.

In vivo and in vitro analysis of cytogenotoxicity in populations living in abnormal conditions from Santos-Sao Vicente estuary.

The aim of the study was to evaluate cyto- and genotoxic effects in populations living in subnormal clusters in Santos São Vicente estuary. For in vivo study, samples of buccal mucosa and peripheral blood cells were collected. Micronucleus assay and single-cell gel (comet) assay were performed.

Genetic Alterations in Patients with Two Clinical Phenotypes of Multiple Sclerosis.

The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is still not known, but the interaction of genetic, immunological, and environmental factors seem to be involved. This study aimed to investigate genetic alterations and the vitamin D status in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS). A total of 53 patients (29 RRMS; 24 SPMS) and 25 healthy subjects were recruited to evaluate the micronucleated cell (MNC) frequency and nuclear abnormalities in the buccal mucosa, gene expression profiling in mononuclear cells, and plasmatic vitamin D concentration in the blood.

The comet assay in Ceraeochrysa claveri (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): A suitable approach for detecting somatic and germ cell genotoxicity induced by agrochemicals.

Some agrochemicals are genotoxic to several organisms. Nevertheless, few protocols are currently available for measuring the toxicogenetic effects of these compounds in target and non-target field-collected species of insects important to agriculture. Herein, we used the species Ceraeochrysa claveri (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), a non-target predator insect, to investigate the ability of an azadirachtin-based biopesticide (Azamax™) to induce DNA damage.

Altered maternal metabolism during mild gestational hyperglycemia as a predictor of adverse perinatal outcomes: A comprehensive analysis.

Mild gestational hyperglycemia (MGH), as assessed using the normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and detection of an altered glycemic profile, is associated with adverse perinatal outcome. This study described the results of 40 years of research conducted at the Perinatal Diabetes Research Centre at São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil, on the maternal MGH environment and placental markers. This study also described the unidirectional relationship between MGH and excessive fetal growth, also supplying moderator analysis.

Mitochondrial-related gene associated to obesity can be modulated by in utero hyperglycemic environment.

We investigated whether mitochondrial-related genes and proteins are modulated by hyperglycemia promoted by gestational diabetes (GDM), thereby increasing neonate obesity predisposition. 19 healthy pregnant women, 16 pregnant women with GDM and their respective neonates were enrolled. Additionally, 19 obese and 19 eutrophic adults were recruited as a reference population.

Genotoxicity of textile dye C.I. Disperse Blue 291 in mouse bone marrow.

Color Index (C.I.) Disperse Blue 291 (DB291) is an azo dye used by the textile industry.

BCL2 and miR-181a transcriptional alterations in umbilical-cord blood cells can be putative biomarkers for obesity.

Several findings suggest that in utero stressor stimuli can alter fetal development by promoting transcriptional changes, and predisposing the neonate to diseases later in life. This study aimed to investigate whether a hyperglycemic environment in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is able to cause fetal genetic alterations and predispose neonates to obesity. Transcriptional alteration of SIRT1, TP53 and BCL2 genes, miR-181a (a SIRT1 or BCL2 regulator) and telomere length were evaluated in placental and umbilical-cord blood cells.

In Vivo genotoxicity of a commercial C.I. Disperse Red 1 dye.

Color Index (C.I.) Disperse Red 1 (DR1) is a widely used textile azo dye found in rivers.

Expression and promoter methylation status of two DNA repair genes in leukocytes from patients undergoing propofol or isoflurane anaesthesia.

Despite the widespread use of the anaesthetics propofol (PROP) and isoflurane (ISO), data about their toxicogenomic potential and interference in epigenetic events are unknown. This study evaluated the expression and methylation profile of two important DNA-repair genes (XRCC1 and hOGG1) in 40 patients undergoing elective and minimally invasive surgery (tympanoplasty and septoplasty) under ISO or PROP anaesthesia. The endpoints were examined at three sampling times: before anaesthesia (T0), 2 h after the beginning of anaesthesia (T2) and 24 h after the beginning of surgery (T24).

Gemcitabine/Cisplatin Treatment Induces Concomitant SERTAD1, CDKN2B and GADD45A Modulation and Cellular Changes in Bladder Cancer Cells Regardless of the Site of TP53 Mutation.

Simultaneous use of cisplatin (CIS) and gemcitabine (GEN) for treating bladder cancer has increased because of their complementary effects. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the activities of these two antineoplastic drugs are not fully known. Here, molecular biology techniques and microscopy were used to investigate transcriptomic and morphological changes in low and high-grade urinary bladder transitional carcinoma cell lines [RT4 - wild type TP53; 5637 - two TP53 mutations, one in codon 72 (Arg-Pro) and other in codon 280 (Arg-Thr) and T24 - in-frame deletion of tyrosine 126 in the TP53 allele] simultaneously treated with CIS/GEN.

Betamethasone causes intergenerational reproductive impairment in male rats.

Prenatal betamethasone (BM) exposure in rats negatively impacts sperm quality and male fertility. Studies have shown that BM can cause multi-generational effects on the pituitary-adrenal-axis of rats. The objective of this study was to assess the reproductive development and fertility of male rats (F2) whose fathers (F1) were exposed to BM (0.

Alternative Multiorgan Initiation-Promotion Assay for Chemical Carcinogenesis in the Wistar Rat.

The medium-term multiorgan initiation-promotion chemical bioassay (diethylnitrosamine, methyl-nitrosourea, butyl-hydroxybutylnitrosamine, dihydroxypropylnitrosamine, dimethylhydrazine [DMBDD]) with the Fischer 344 rat was proposed as an alternative to the conventional 2-year carcinogenesis bioassay for regulatory purposes. The acronym DMBDD stands for the names of five genotoxic agents used for initiation of multiorgan carcinogenesis. The Brazilian Agency for the Environment officially recognized a variation of this assay (DMBDD) as a valid method to assess the carcinogenic potential of agrochemicals.

Cytotoxic and toxicogenomic effects of silibinin in bladder cancer cells with different TP53 status.

Silibinin is a natural phenol found in the seeds of the milk thistle plant. Recent data have shown its effectiveness for preventing/treating bladder tumours. Therefore, in this study we investigated the cytotoxic and toxicogenetic activity of silibinin in bladder cancer cells with different TP53 statuses.

Gene expression profile of whole blood cells differs in pregnant women with positive screening and negative diagnosis for gestational diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate the gene expression profile of whole blood cells in pregnant women without diabetes (with positive screening and negative diagnosis for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)) compared with pregnant women with negative screening for GDM.

Research Design And Methods: Pregnant women were recruited in the Diabetes Perinatal Research Centre-Botucatu Medical School-UNESP and Botucatuense Mercy Hospital (UNIMED). Distributed into 2 groups: control (n=8), women with negative screening and non-diabetic (ND, n=13), with positive screening and negative diagnosis of GDM.

Inter-laboratory consistency and variability in the buccal micronucleus cytome assay depends on biomarker scored and laboratory experience: results from the HUMNxl international inter-laboratory scoring exercise.

The buccal micronucleus cytome (BMNcyt) assay in uncultured exfoliated epithelial cells from oral mucosa is widely applied in biomonitoring human exposures to genotoxic agents and is also proposed as a suitable test for prescreening and follow-up of precancerous oral lesions. The main limitation of the assay is the large variability observed in the baseline values of micronuclei (MNi) and other nuclear anomalies mainly related to different scoring criteria. The aim of this international collaborative study, involving laboratories with different level of experience, was to evaluate the inter- and intra-laboratory variations in the BMNcyt parameters, using recently implemented guidelines, in scoring cells from the same pooled samples obtained from healthy subjects (control group) and from cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy (treated group).