Long-term volume reduction in renal angiomyolipomas embolized by gelatin sponge particles with or without supplementary microcoil embolization.

Objective: To examine the effect of supplementary microcoil embolization on the long-term progression of angiomyolipomas embolized using gelatin sponge particles (GSPs).

Methods: This retrospective study included 29 unruptured angiomyolipomas in 25 patients, treated by complete embolization and radiological follow-up for ≥3 years. Embolization was performed using GSPs and supplementary microcoils.

Prophylactic renal artery embolization before pregnancy in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis and renal angiomyolipoma.

Objective: Pregnant patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) and renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs) require care for both renal AMLs and pulmonary dysfunction because AMLs can grow and rupture during pregnancy, potentially causing hemorrhagic shock and fetal death. This study examined whether prophylactic transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) could prevent the pregnancy-associated growth and rupture of renal AMLs in patients with LAM.

Methods: This retrospective study included five women with 14 renal AMLs (initial diameter, ≥2 cm) first encountered between September 2010 and August 2015 who subsequently became pregnant.

Postembolization Intratumoral Chronic Bleeding, without the Classic CT Feature of Active Extravasation, in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex-Related Renal Angiomyolipoma: Two Case Reports.

Two patients with tuberous sclerosis complex each had multiple bilateral renal angiomyolipomas. After undergoing embolization for a ruptured angiomyolipoma, patient 1 experienced long-lasting abdominal fullness; contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) revealed a large chronic hematoma without contrast extravasation. Patient 2 underwent embolization for the largest right renal angiomyolipoma which contained a chronic hematoma.

Lower limb examinations for muscular tension estimation methods for each muscle group based on functionally different effective muscle theory.

Conventional estimation methods distribute tension to muscles by solving optimization problems, because the system is redundant. The theory of functionally different effective muscle, based on 3 antagonistic pairs of muscle groups in limbs, has enabled to calculate the maximum joint torque of each pair, i.e.