Immune escape and waning immunity of COVID-19 monovalent mRNA vaccines against symptomatic infection with BA.1/BA.2 and BA.5 in Japan.

Background: Repeated emergence of variants with immune escape capacity and waning immunity from vaccination are major concerns for COVID-19. We examined whether the surge in Omicron subvariant BA.5 cases was due to immune escape or waning immunity through vaccine effectiveness (VE) evaluation.

A Case of Uncomplicated Bacteremia Caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus in an Immunocompetent Patient.

This report describes uncomplicated bacteremia caused by in an immunocompetent woman who presented with rigor and fever. She was hemodynamically stable. Two blood samples were immediately cultured because rigor indicated bacteremia.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Traits of Pasteurella multocida subsp. septica Isolates From the Wounds of Two Patients Due to Dog or Cat Biting, 2023.

We describe the phenotypic and genotypic traits of subsp. isolates from the dog/cat bite wounds of two patients in 2023. A 79-year-old man with diabetes mellitus and cerebral infarction who was bitten by a dog on his left hand developed deep inflammation under the tendon between his left fourth and fifth fingers.

Effectiveness of BA.1- and BA.4/BA. 5-Containing Bivalent COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines Against Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection During the BA.5-Dominant Period in Japan.

In this multicenter, prospective, test-negative, case-control study in Japan, the effectiveness of both BA.1-containing and BA.4/BA.

A case of Bacillus subtilis var. natto bacteremia caused by ingestion of natto during COVID-19 treatment in a maintenance hemodialysis patient with multiple myeloma.

A 70-year-old woman, who started on hemodialysis 7 months before for end-stage renal disease due to diabetic nephropathy and was diagnosed with symptomatic multiple myeloma 1 month before, was admitted to our hospital with critical coronavirus disease 2019 and treated with long-term immunosuppressive therapy such as steroids and tocilizumab. During treatment, Bacillus subtilis was detected in the blood cultures. We could not exclude the association of natto (fermented soybeans) with B.

A Case of Asymptomatic Pulmonary Nocardia cyriacigeorgica Infection With Mild Diabetes Mellitus.

Nocardiosis is a relatively rare opportunistic infection, ranging from localized to systemic diseases, commonly occurring in immunocompromised patients with high mortality rates. We present a case of a 61-year-old man who received medical treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus and underwent a physical examination that showed abnormal chest shadows on radiography. Chest computed tomography revealed bronchiectasis and infiltration in the left lower lobe.

Nafamostat Mesylate Monotherapy in Patients with Moderate COVID-19: a Single-Center, Retrospective Study.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread dramatically worldwide. Nafamostat mesylate inhibits intracellular entry of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and is believed to have therapeutic potential for treating patients with COVID-19. In this study, patients with moderate COVID-19 who were admitted to our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.

Comparison between Invasive and Non-Invasive Streptococcus agalactiae Isolates from Human Adults, Based on Virulence Gene Profiles, Capsular Genotypes, Sequence Types, and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns.

This study assessed whether invasive group B Streptococcus (GBS) isolates were similar to non-invasive isolates from adult patients. Invasive and non-invasive GBS isolates were collected from three hospitals and two laboratory centers between January 2015 and October 2019. The isolates were identified by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and amplification of the GBS-specific dltS gene.

Breakthrough and persistent bacteremia due to serotype K1 in an immunocompetent patient.

Herein, we report a case of breakthrough and persistent bacteremia due to serotype K1 in an immunocompetent 53- year-old man. He was diagnosed with pyogenic spondylitis owing to back pain and based on magnetic resonance imaging findings. On admission, several imaging studies were taken to search for other abscesses and infective endocarditis; however, there were no significant findings.

Repetitive cellulitis caused by isolates with different genotypic and phenotypic features in a patient having upper extremity with lymphedema after mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection.

Previously reported cases of recurrent cellulitis/erysipelas affecting chronically lymphedematous skin regions have been demonstrated to be due to isolates with closely related genetic background which may be suggestive of relapse rather than reinfection. Herein, we report the occurrence of three episodes of repetitive cellulitis caused by strains with different genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, including different antimicrobial susceptibility patterns (tetracycline, macrolide/lincosamide, and fluoroquinolone classes), in the left upper extremity of a patient with lymphedema, following left mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection. The genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of the three isolates were confirmed based on the random amplified polymorphic DNA patterns, DNA profiles of virulence factors (----), data on biofilm formation and cell invasion, antimicrobial susceptibility testing results, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genotypes, and amino acid mutations associated with AMR.

Autopsy Findings in A Case of Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension.

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Background:: Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) can be associated with pulmonary hypertension, although this association is more prevalent with other interstitial lung diseases. However, the diagnosis and effective treatment strategies for PLCH-associated pulmonary hypertension remain controversial.

Case Report:: A 27-year-old woman, who was an ex-smoker, was diagnosed with multiple diffuse pulmonary cysts.

Pleural empyema and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome due to in a healthy Spanish traveler in Japan.

Group A (GAS, ) causes invasive infections including streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) and local infections. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of an invasive GAS infection with pneumonia and pleural empyema (PE) followed by STSS (disseminated intravascular coagulation [DIC] and acute renal insufficiency) in a healthy male adult. He received combined supportive therapies of PE drainage, anti-DIC agent, hemodialysis, and antimicrobials and eventually made a clinical recovery.

Draft Genome Sequence of Clinical Strain TANI1 of Serotype 5 Isolated from a Bacteremia Patient in Japan.

is a swine pathogen that causes severe economic damage to the porcine industry. It occasionally evokes zoonotic infection in humans. Here, we report a draft genome sequence of a serotype 5 strain isolated from a bacteremia patient that was reported by Taniyama et al.

Human case of bacteremia caused by sequence type 9 harboring the gene.

(Sc) is a zoonotic pathogen that is transferred mainly from companion animals to humans. One of the major virulence factors in Sc is the M-like protein encoded by the gene, which is involved in anti-phagocytic activities, as well as the recruitment of plasminogen to the bacterial surface in cooperation with enolase, and the consequent enhancement of bacterial transmigration and survival. This is the first reported human case of uncomplicated bacteremia following a dog bite, caused by harboring the gene.

Human case of bacteremia due to Streptococcus suis serotype 5 in Japan: The first report and literature review.

Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that can be transferred from pigs to humans. The serotypes 2 and 14 are prevalent among patients with S. suis infections, while other serotypes (i.

[A case of primary intestinal tuberculosis in which small intestine perforation developed].

We report herein on a case of the primary intestinal tuberculosis in which small intestine perforation developed. A 60-year-old man with congestive heart failure developed fever and sudden onset of abdominal pain while he was in the hospital. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed a large amount of free-air and the thickening of a part of the ileum.

[An outbreak of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 11A pneumonia at a nursing home, Tokyo, 2009].

This is a report of an outbreak of Pneumococcal pneumonia among nursing home residents in Tokyo, 2009. A total of 15 cases were identified, and their sputum culture grew Streptococcus pneumoniae, all of which were confirmed as serotype 11A and ST116. This outbreak ended through the implementation of strict contact precautions, education regarding the standard precautions among the staff, administration of prophylactic antibiotics to other asymptomatic residents, and vaccination.

Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis leading to acute heart failure due to aortic stenosis in a patient with lung cancer.

We herein report an autopsied case of a patient with adenocarcinoma of the lungs who developed nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) that caused acute heart failure (AHF) due to acute aortic stenosis (AS). A 37-year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to chest pain and fever. He was diagnosed as having Stage IV lung cancer.

[A case of tetanus originating from ulcerated breast cancer].

We report herein on a rare case of tetanus originating from ulcerated breast cancer. A 60-year-old homeless woman was admitted to our hospital because of lockjaw. On admission, a physical examination revealed tachypnea, trismus, opisthotonus and an ulcerated right breast.