Thoracic approach for suspected internal mammary lymph node recurrence following mastectomy and implant-based reconstruction: a case report.

The use of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has increased in recent years. We herein report a case wherein suspected intramammary lymph node (IM) recurrence of breast cancer was treated using the thoracic approach (VATS). A 53-year-old woman had undergone right total mastectomy, axillary lymph node dissection, and implant-based reconstruction for right breast cancer 19 years ago.

Clinical Significance of Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Primary and Metastatic Tissues in Patients With Breast Cancer.

Background/aim: This study aimed to examine the clinical significance of the protein expression of the cancer stem cell (CSC) markers ALDH1A1, CD133, CD44, and MSI-1 in primary and metastatic tissues of patients with breast cancer (BC).

Patients And Methods: ALDH1A1, CD133, CD44, and MSI-1 protein expression in pairs of primary and metastatic tissues of 55 patients with BC with metastases treated at Kanagawa Cancer Center between January 1970 and December 2016 were evaluated using immunohistochemical assay and their association with clinicopathological factors and survival was examined.

Results: There were no significant differences in CSC marker expression rates between primary and metastatic tissues for any CSC markers.

Ovarian goiter detected during post-operative follow-up of papillary thyroid cancer: a case report.

A 70-year-old female without any past medical history underwent total thyroidectomy and central neck dissection for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) (pT3bN1aM0 pStage II). Her post-operative thyroglobulin (Tg) level remained high (around 100 ng/mL), which increased to 366 ng/mL 5 years after surgery. Computed tomography revealed metastasis to the left III and right Vb and VI lymph nodes and an incidental ovarian tumor.

Simultaneous nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma with papillary thyroid carcinoma: a case report.

We herein report the case of a 48-year-old man diagnosed with nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL, Stage IA) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC, Stage I). Total thyroidectomy, left modified neck dissection and biopsy of the right cervical lymph node were performed. Postoperatively, NLPHL treatment was prioritized, and external radiation (30.

Lung cavitation in patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer treated with lenvatinib.

Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis. It accounts for 1-2% of all thyroid cancers. Lenvatinib is an orally administered inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1, -2, and -3, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-1 to -4, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-α, rearranged during transfection (RET), and KIT.

Hyperthyroidism due to thyrotropin receptor antibody stimulation of metastatic thyroid carcinoma during lenvatinib treatment: a case report.

Background: Hyperthyroidism after total thyroidectomy is extremely rare. No studies have investigated hyperthyroidism during multiple kinase inhibitor treatment for advanced thyroid carcinoma.

Case Description: A 57-year-old man with a history of radioactive iodine refracted thyroid follicular carcinoma presented to our hospital with back pain.

Effect of Vandetanib Treatment on Cystic Changes in the Liver following Metastasis from Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma.

A number of causes are responsible for the development of cystic lesions in the liver. However, metastasis is a rare cause, and cystic metastasis from medullary thyroid carcinoma has not yet been reported. A 46-year-old Japanese man presented to our hospital with a mass in the left side of his neck.

TROP-2, Nectin-4, GPNMB, and B7-H3 Are Potentially Therapeutic Targets for Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a highly aggressive thyroid tumor with a poor prognosis. However, there are limited choices for ATC treatment. Recently, the effectiveness of antibody-drug conjugates has been demonstrated in various carcinomas.

Pulmonary cavitation in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 during lenvatinib treatment for thyroid carcinoma: a case report.

Lenvatinib, a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is used for the treatment of thyroid carcinoma. However, it can cause pneumonia and pulmonary cavitation leading to pneumothorax. The mechanism underlying the occurrence of cavitation and pneumothorax is not well understood.

Pneumatosis intestinalis associated with lenvatinib during thyroid cancer treatment: a case report.

Background: Pneumatosis intestinalis is a rare disease characterized by gas-filled cysts within the submucosa or serosa of the intestinal tract. In recent years, pneumatosis intestinalis was reported in patients undergoing cancer treatment, and some case reports exist that report that pneumatosis intestinalis occurs during administration of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, such as bevacizumab and sunitinib. Here, we report the first case of pneumatosis intestinalis during lenvatinib treatment.

A case of the accumulation of 131-iodine in the mammary gland after remnant ablation for papillary thyroid carcinoma on lactating period.

The accumulation of 131-iodine is known to occur in the extrathyroidal tissues, such as the salivary glands and the gastrointestinal tract during radioactive iodine therapy. It is considered to be due to the expression of sodium iodide symporter. A 36-year-old lactating female was treated for remnant ablation for papillary thyroid carcinoma (pT1bN1bM0 pStage I) on the condition that she refrained from breastfeeding and was separated from her child and was milked to promote the excretion of 131-iodine until the accumulation disappeared on scintigram imaging.

Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy after Radioactive Iodine Therapy for Metastatic Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma.

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an inflammation of the extraocular muscles and periorbital connective tissue caused by autoantibodies against common antigens to both the thyroid and orbit. The release of antigens and induction of hypothyroidism caused by radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy may exacerbate TAO. Here, we present the case of a 67-year-old-woman treated with RAI therapy for metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma who presented with TAO during the course of sorafenib administration.

Invasive procedures in patients undergoing treatment with lenvatinib for thyroid cancer.

Lenvatinib is a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits angiogenesis and is currently in use for the treatment of refractory thyroid cancer. Therapy using this agent can be prolonged in patients, although serious complications may ensue among those who require surgical procedures. To the best of our knowledge, the safety of invasive surgical procedures in patients undergoing treatment with lenvatinib has not been fully evaluated.

A case of bulla formation after treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia.

In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was reported in Wuhan, China. An 82-year-old woman presented to our hospital with high fever (39°C) and chest computed tomography revealed ground-glass opacities in the left lung apex. She was positive for SARS-CoV-2 based on a polymerase chain reaction test, and diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Surgical indications and clinical management of benign and malignant follicular thyroid tumors: An algorithmic-based approach.

The present study retrospectively reviewed the treatment courses and results of patients with follicular thyroid tumors, including carcinomas. In the 5 year study period from April 2015 to March 2020, 797 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma and 128 patients with follicular tumors (FTs) received surgery or treatment for distant metastases and recurrence at the Kanagawa Cancer Center (Japan). Of these patients, 73 that were diagnosed with follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) were included in the present study.

Relationship between adverse events associated with lenvatinib treatment for thyroid cancer and patient prognosis.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were first approved for treating radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) 5 years ago. Among them, lenvatinib has a high response rate and has become the first-line drug for treating thyroid cancer. Although it has a high response rate, it is also characterized by a high frequency of adverse events (AEs).

Three Cases of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Transformation and Leukocytosis during Lenvatinib Treatment.

Since 2015, the cancer treatment lenvatinib has been used for patients with advanced radioactive iodine- (RAI-) refractory thyroid differentiated cancer; however, the drug's long-term effects have not been fully investigated. We report three cases in which lenvatinib treatment initially improved the patients' conditions, although they all died approximately 2 months after leukocytosis due to very aggressive disease progression with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma transformation. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) was elevated in all three cases, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was elevated in two cases.

A Case of Unresectable Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Treated with Lenvatinib as Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

A 75-year-old woman visited a nearby clinic with complaints of right clavicle discomfort, and she underwent diagnostic thoracoscopic lung biopsy, being diagnosed with lung metastasis and a right-upper mediastinal mass. The superior mediastinum mass was extrapulmonary and covered by the pleura, and it was not biopsied. Papillary thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed following biopsy of the lung metastasis.

Lenvatinib vs. palliative therapy for stage IVC anaplastic thyroid cancer.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an orphan disease with extremely poor prognosis. In particular, unresectable stage IVC ATC is extremely difficult to treat and is associated with a survival of only a few months, even when treated with irradiation and/or chemotherapy. In 2015, lenvatinib was approved for the treatment of ATC in Japan.

The mechanism of solifenacin release from a pH-responsive ion-complex oral suspension in the fasted upper gastrointestinal lumen.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of solifenacin release from a pH-responsive ion-complex oral resinate suspension under conditions simulating the environment in the upper gastrointestinal lumen. A secondary objective was to propose an appropriate in vitro methodology for evaluating the quality of orally administered solifenacin suspensions. The mechanism of solifenacin release from polacrilin potassium resin (Amberlite® IRP88) was investigated using biorelevant media and compendial setups (USP Apparatus 2 and USP Apparatus 4) and using newer, recently validated in vitro methodologies [biorelevant gastrointestinal transfer (BioGIT) system].

[Giant Aneurysm of Sinus of Valsalva;Report of a Case].

Aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva is a relatively rare disease. The patient was a 59-year-old female with a complaint of dyspnea. A very large extra-cardiac type aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva, 75 mm in diameter, was detected, and modified-Bentall operation (J-graft Valsalva 26 mm:Carpentier-Edwards Magna Ease 23 mm) was performed.

Evaluation of Maltose-Induced Chemical Degradation at the Interface of Bilayer Tablets.

Fixed dose combination tablets consisting of mirabegron (MB) and solifenacin succinate (SS) were developed and formulated into bilayer tablets in the current study. The results of a chemical stability study showed that the original formulation for the tablets led to a significant increase of unknown degradants in the SS layer. Two compatibility studies were conducted to simulate the interface between the MB and SS layers, and the results revealed that the degradants only formed in the presence of both active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and that the presence of maltose in the SS layer was critical to inducing degradation.

Functional network in posttranslational modifications: Glyco-Net in Glycoconjugate Data Bank.

Elucidating pathways related to posttranslational modifications (PTMs) such as glycosylation is of growing importance in post-genome science and technology. Graphical networks describing the relationships among glycan-related molecules, including genes, proteins, lipids, and various biological events, are considered extremely valuable and convenient tools for the systematic investigation of PTMs. Glyco-Net (http://bibi.

A practical regioselective synthesis of alkylthio- or arylthioindoles without the use of smelly compounds such as thiols.

A convenient method for the synthesis of 3-methylthioindoles has been established which does not use smelly compounds such as thiol derivatives. The method, which introduces an alkyl- or arylthio-group into the C(3)-position of the indole skeleton, was extended to the direct introduction of a methylthio or bromo group at the C(2)-position using 3-methylthioindoles. No dimerization occurred, and the reaction mechanism was confirmed.

Structure of pleiotrophin- and hepatocyte growth factor-binding sulfated hexasaccharide determined by biochemical and computational approaches.

Endogenous pleiotrophin and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) mediate the neurite outgrowth-promoting activity of chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate (DS) hybrid chains isolated from embryonic pig brain. CS/DS hybrid chains isolated from shark skin have a different disaccharide composition, but also display these activities. In this study, pleiotrophin- and HGF-binding domains in shark skin CS/DS were investigated.