Clinical identification of the stimulus intensity to measure temporal summation of second pain.

Temporal summation of second pain (TSSP) has been suggested as a psychophysical index for central sensitization, one of the critical mechanisms in the chronification of pain. However, there is no gold standard for protocols to measure TSSP. The purpose was to establish the stimulus intensity for measuring TSSP.

Relative risk of positional and dynamic temporomandibular disc abnormality for osteoarthritis-magnetic resonance imaging study.

Dynamic articular disc abnormality (wR, with reduction; woR, without reduction) is well known as the risk factor for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA). However, there are few speculations on the potential risk of positional disc abnormalities for TMJOA. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative risk of positional abnormality and dynamic abnormality of the temporomandibular disc for OA after the three-dimensional interpretation of all the sagittal and coronal planes of magnetic resonance (MR) data in a large dataset of consecutive subjects.