Dietary variety and the relationship between polypharmacy and incident disability among Japanese community-dwelling older adults: A longitudinal study.

Objectives: This study examined the association between polypharmacy and incident disability across the dietary variety score (DVS) strata among community-dwelling older adults.

Study Design: A prospective cohort study with community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 in Aichi, Japan.

Main Outcome Measures: Polypharmacy was defined as ≥5 concomitant prescription drugs per day.

Community-based going-out program and dementia onset in Japanese older adults: A longitudinal observational study.

Objectives: With dementia prevalence rising globally among older adults, effective and scalable community-based interventions are urgently needed to reduce dementia onset. This study aimed to estimate the association of the going-out program with dementia onset in older adults.

Methods: A 5-year longitudinal observational study was employed.

Engagement in the Community-Based Going-Out Programs and the Association with Physical Frailty Assessed by the Kihon Checklist: A Cohort Study.

Introduction: In efforts to address the public health concern of physical frailty prevention, community-based programs without supervision are anticipated, yet efficacy has not been shown. We aimed to investigate the association of engaging in an unsupervised, community-based going-out program on the incidence of physical frailty among older adults.

Methods: A cohort observational study was employed.

Subjective memory concerns and car collisions: A cross-sectional cohort study among older Japanese drivers.

Background: A previous study suggested older drivers with subjective memory concerns (SMC) had increased odds of experiencing car collisions, but whether SMC in different contexts and the number of SMC applicable items change this association is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between SMC and car collisions among older drivers in Japan.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from a Japanese community-based cohort study.

Impact of fat to muscle ratio with risk of disability on community-dwelling Japanese older adults: A 5-year longitudinal study.

Purpose: Sarcopenic obesity is a combination of sarcopenia and obesity, which is associated with the onset of disability. Fat to muscle ratio (FMR) is a screening measure that assesses the ratio of muscle mass to fat mass. However, the relationship between the FMR and disability has not been investigated.

Association between perceived value of adopting new behaviors and incident disability among Japanese community-dwelling older adults.

Objectives: This longitudinal observational cohort study aimed to clarify the relationship between perceived value (PV) to adopt new behaviors and incident disability in community-dwelling older adults.

Method: Participants were 5073 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years in Japan (M = 74.0 ± 5.

Social participation in the neighborhood community prevents onset of disability in community-dwelling older adults whose life space with activities is limited: A 2-year prospective cohort study.

Aims: For older adults with limited life space and activity, social participation in the neighborhood community is essential to ensure social interaction and activity levels. This study examined the association between social participation in the neighborhood community and the onset of disability in older adults with different life spaces and activities.

Methods: The participants were 9513 older adults from a cohort study conducted at the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Study of Geriatric Syndromes (NCGG-SGS).

Estimating the Effect of Engagement in Community-Based Going-Out Program on Incidence Disability in Older Adults.

Objectives: Although going out has been reported to be associated with the incidence of disability, few studies have investigated the effect of community-based programs to promote going out on the incidence of disability. This study aimed to estimate the effects of a program fostering going-out on the incidence of disability in community-dwelling older adults.

Design: Longitudinal, observational study.

Association of objectively measured physical activity with incidence disability in older adults with/without social isolation.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate association between objectively measured physical activities with incidence disability in older adults with and without social isolation.

Methods: This 5-year longitudinal observational study used a population-based study from a sub-cohort of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Study of Geriatric Syndrome. In Japan, Incident disability is defined as a new case of public insurance certification for long-term care.

Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome and Traffic Incidents in Older Drivers in Japan.

Importance: To prevent motor vehicle collisions by older drivers, the increased risk of collisions should be considered early. Cognitive decline increases the risk of car collisions. Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR), characterized by the presence of cognitive concerns and slow gait, can be assessed conveniently and is useful to assess the risk of dementia.

Simplified discriminant parameters for sarcopenia among patients undergoing haemodialysis.

Background: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are at an increased risk of developing sarcopenia, which can lead to various adverse health outcomes. Although the diagnosis of sarcopenia is essential for clinical management, it is not feasible in routine clinical practice for populations undergoing haemodialysis because it is time-consuming and resources are limited. Serum creatinine levels in patients with ESRD have been gaining attention as a screening parameter for sarcopenia because serum creatinine is a routinely measured byproduct of skeletal muscle metabolism.