Composition of L. extracts using different extraction methods.

L. is a Chinese herbal medicine with a long history, however, few studies have been performed on its chemical composition and active effects. In this study, we investigated the composition and antibacterial and antioxidant capacities of extracts obtained from L.

Chrysin Protects Against Titanium Particle-Induced Osteolysis by Attenuating Osteoclast Formation and Function by Inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK Signaling.

Bone homeostasis only exists when the physical function of osteoblast and osteoclast stays in the balance between bone formation and resorption. Bone resorption occurs when the two processes are uncoupled, shifting the balance in favour of bone resorption. Excessive activation of osteoclasts leads to a range of osteolytic bone diseases including osteoporosis, aseptic prosthesis loosening, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis.

The impact of nucleic acid testing to detect human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus, and hepatitis B virus yields from a single blood center in China with 10-years review.

Background: Since 2010, the Blood Center of Zhejiang province, China, has conducted a pilot nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) screening of blood donors for Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study aims to assess the results of NAT testing over 10 years to establish the effects and factors influencing NAT yields of HBV, HCV, and HIV.

Methods: Blood donations from seven different blood services were screened for HBV DNA, HCV RNA, and HIV RNA using 6 mini pools (6MP) or individual donation (ID)-NAT method between August 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019, at the NAT centralized screening center.

Molecular evolution of chloroplast genomes in subfamily Zingiberoideae (Zingiberaceae).

Background: Zingiberoideae is a large and diverse subfamily of the family Zingiberaceae. Four genera in subfamily Zingiberoideae each possess 50 or more species, including Globba (100), Hedychium (> 80), Kaempferia (50) and Zingiber (150). Despite the agricultural, medicinal and horticultural importance of these species, genomic resources and suitable molecular markers for them are currently sparse.

Characteristic of HBV nucleic acid amplification testing yields from blood donors in China.

Background: Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) for blood screening has been previously performed in some countries to determine NAT yields. The current study sought to explore the non-discriminating reactive NAT yields using individual-NAT (ID-NAT) and characteristics of HBV NAT yields through a 10-year retrospective analysis in Zhejiang, China.

Methods: Blood donations were analyzed using individual-NAT mode by the transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) method.

Emergence of a Clinical Sequence Type 131 Strain Carrying a Chromosomal Gene.

Bacteria carrying the carbapenemase genes have rapidly spread worldwide and have become a great threat to public health. The gene has been primarily located on plasmids cocirculating in various strains. However, chromosomal integration of the gene in has not been reported.

Whole genome sequence of an Escherichia coli ST131 strain isolated from a patient with bloodstream infection in China co-harbouring bla, bla, bla, qnrS1, aac(3)-IIa and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes.

Objectives: Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131) is an international multiresistant high-risk clone associated with a large number of clinical infections. Here we report the draft genome sequence of a ST131 clinical isolate (EC538) obtained from a patient with bloodstream infection (BSI) in China co-harbouring the bla, bla, bla, qnrS1, aac(3)-IIa and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes.

Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of E.

Hederagenin protects mice against ovariectomy-induced bone loss by inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption.

Aims: Postmenopausal osteoporosis and other osteolytic bone diseases are often caused by the elevation in osteoclastogenesis and/or increased osteoclastic bone resorption, leading to excessive bone loss. Hederagenin (Hed) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin extracted from various natural medicinal plants and exhibits numerous biological activities and may offer benefits against bone-related conditions. We evaluated the effects of Hed on osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vitro and the in vivo therapeutic benefits in the mouse model of ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss.

Ligustilide suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via inhibition of RANK expression.

Osteoclast (OC) is the only cell involved in bone resorption. Dysfunction of OCs leads to a variety of bone diseases. Ligustilide (LIG) is the main component of the volatile oil isolated and purified from Angelica sinensis.

Molecular Epidemiology of Plasmid-Mediated Fosfomycin Resistance Gene Determinants in Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in China.

The Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing K. pneumoniae has become a serious problem because the species is wide ranging and there are few treatment options. Fosfomycin has attracted renewed interest in combination therapy for infections caused by KPC-producing K.

Dissemination of gene via an IncX3-type plasmid among non-clonal in China.

Background: The emergence and spread of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing has been a serious challenge to manage in the clinic due to its rapid dissemination of multi-drug resistance worldwide. As one main type of carbapenemases, New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)is able to confer resistance to almost all β-lactams, including carbapenems, in . Recently, New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-5 attracted extensive attention because of increased resistance to carbapenems and widespread dissemination.

Draft genome sequence of Enterobacter cloacae HBY, a ST128 clinical strain co-producing KPC-2 and NDM-1 carbapenemases.

Objectives: Enterobacter cloacae is one of the major pathogens responsible for a variety of human infections. Here we report the draft genome sequence of multidrug-resistant E. cloacae strain HBY isolated from a female patient in China.

Annular ligament reconstruction by suture anchor for treatment of radial head dislocation in children.

Background: We investigated the efficacy of annular ligament reconstruction by suture anchor in the treatment of radial head dislocation (RHD) in children.

Method: A total of 20 RHD children nderwent annular ligament reconstruction surgery using suture anchor. Preoperative and postoperative elbow functions were evaluated according to Broberg and Morrey 100-point scale.

DNA microarray SNP associations with clinical efficacy and side effects of domperidone treatment for gastroparesis.

Background: Domperidone treatment for gastroparesis is associated with variable efficacy as well as the potential for side effects. DNA microarray single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis may help to elucidate the role of genetic variability on the therapeutic effectiveness and toxicity of domperidone.

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify SNPs that are associated with clinical efficacy and side effects of domperidone treatment for gastroparesis from DNA microarray experiments.

Targeted deletions of cyclooxygenase-2 and atherogenesis in mice.

Background: Although the dominant product of vascular Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostacyclin (PGI(2)), restrains atherogenesis, inhibition and deletion of COX-2 have yielded conflicting results in mouse models of atherosclerosis. Floxed mice were used to parse distinct cellular contributions of COX-2 in macrophages and T cells (TCs) to atherogenesis.

Methods And Results: Deletion of macrophage-COX-2 (Mac-COX-2KOs) was attained with LysMCre mice and completely suppressed lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage prostaglandin (PG) formation and lipopolysaccharide-evoked systemic PG biosynthesis by approximately 30%.

Cardiomyocyte cyclooxygenase-2 influences cardiac rhythm and function.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs selective for inhibition of COX-2 increase heart failure and elevate blood pressure. The COX-2 gene was floxed and crossed into merCremer mice under the alpha-myosin heavy-chain promoter. Tamoxifen induced selective deletion of COX-2 in cardiomyocytes depressed cardiac output, and resulted in weight loss, diminished exercise tolerance, and enhanced susceptibility to induced arrhythmogenesis.

COX2 in CNS neural cells mediates mechanical inflammatory pain hypersensitivity in mice.

A cardinal feature of peripheral inflammation is pain. The most common way of managing inflammatory pain is to use nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents (NSAIDs) that reduce prostanoid production, for example, selective inhibitors of COX2. Prostaglandins produced after induction of COX2 in immune cells in inflamed tissue contribute both to the inflammation itself and to pain hypersensitivity, acting on peripheral terminals of nociceptors.

Genetic model of selective COX2 inhibition reveals novel heterodimer signaling.

Selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) have attracted widespread media attention because of evidence of an elevated risk of cardiovascular complications in placebo-controlled trials, resulting in the market withdrawal of some members of this class. These drugs block the cyclooxygenase activity of prostaglandin H synthase-2 (PGHS2), but do not affect the associated peroxidase function. They were developed with the rationale of conserving the anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions of traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (tNSAIDs) while sparing the ability of PGHS1-derived prostaglandins to afford gastric cytoprotection.

Cardiovascular hazard and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 depress prostacyclin (PGI(2)) without a concomitant inhibition of platelet COX-1-derived thromboxane (Tx)A(2). Experiments in gene-deleted mice have shown that ablation of the PGI(2) receptor (the IP) predisposes to an exaggerated response to agonists which elevate blood pressure, accelerate atherogenesis and induce thrombosis. Such a class-based effect would be expected to be modulated by the underlying risk of cardiovascular disease in patients, elements of drug exposure, such as dose, duration of action and duration of dosing, and inter-individual variability of drug response.

Calcium-sensing receptor-mediated TNF production in medullary thick ascending limb cells.

Medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL) cells in primary culture express the Ca(2+)-sensing receptor (CaR), a G protein-coupled receptor that senses changes in extracellular Ca(2+) (Ca(o)(2+)) concentration, resulting in increases of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and PKC activity. Exposure of mTAL cells to either Ca(o)(2+) or the CaR-selective agonist poly-L-arginine increased TNF-alpha synthesis. Moreover, the response to Ca(o)(2+) was enhanced in mTAL cells transfected with a CaR overexpression vector.