Minimally invasive sinus augmentation.

Sinus lift surgery has become more common as patients choose dental implants for tooth replacement. The recent development of a graft material that stimulates osteogenesis coupled with the application of tissue engineering principles has allowed for refinement of this surgical modality. A simple nontraumatic subantral sinus lift microsurgery is presented.

The healing socket and socket regeneration.

Tooth extraction is a common procedure in dentistry. The normal healing response to the procedure results in a significant loss of bone and collapse of the surrounding gingiva. In addition to normal healing, a substantial percentage of extraction sites suffer postoperative complications.

The inverted periosteal graft.

The adult human periosteum is known to contain fibroblasts and their progenitor cells, osteoblasts and their progenitor cells, and stem cells. In all age groups, the cells of the periosteum retain the ability to differentiate into fibroblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and skeletal myocytes. The tissues produced by these cells include cementum with periodontal ligament fibers and bone.

Fluoride as an essential element in the prevention of disease.

The concentration of fluoride in drinking water has been shown to be inversely correlated with the incidence of dental caries and cancer. It is proposed that dental caries, cancer and possibly other diseases are the result of a nutritional deficiency in fluoride.