Universal Teacher-Child Interaction Training in early childhood special education: Identifying mechanisms of action that explain why it works.

Teacher-Child Interaction Training-Universal (TCIT-U) is effective for increasing teachers' use of strategies that promote positive child behavior; however, the exact mechanisms of change are unknown. Using a cluster randomized control trial in a sample of 410 racially- and ethnically-diverse children (M = 41.73 months; 50% White, 45% Black/African-American, 4% Multiracial, 1% Asian; 59% Hispanic; 87% with disabilities) taught by 102 teachers from 38 classrooms in eight schools, we attempted to identify these mechanisms of action.

Impact of parent child interaction therapy on child eating behaviors.

Background: Picky eating commonly co-occurs with disruptive behaviors in young children. While feeding interventions exist, it remains unknown whether unmodified behavioral parent training (BPT) improves maladaptive child eating. As coercive feeding practices may exacerbate picky eating, BPT could ameliorate associated behaviors by increasing authoritative parenting.

A classification system for youth outpatient behavioral health services billed to medicaid.

Rates of youth behavioral health concerns have been steadily rising. Administrative data can be used to study behavioral health service utilization among youth, but current methods that rely on identifying an associated behavioral health diagnosis or provider specialty are limited. We reviewed all procedure codes billed to Medicaid for youth in one U.

New Therapy for a New Normal: Comparing Telehealth and in-Person Time-Limited Parent-Child Interaction Therapy.

Telehealth treatment for child disruptive behavior has the potential to overcome multiple barriers to access (e.g., transportation, therapist availability).

An 18-week model of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: clinical approaches, treatment formats, and predictors of success for predominantly minoritized families.

Introduction: Disruptive behavior disorders are among the most prevalent pediatric mental health referrals for young children. However, families from historically minoritized social identities have experienced disparities in treatment access, retention, and outcomes. Evidence-based interventions such as Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) have been found to be effective in reducing children's disruptive behaviors in minoritized families.

Universal Teacher-Child Interaction Training in early childhood special education: A cluster randomized control trial.

Growing evidence suggests that Teacher-Child Interaction Training-Universal (TCIT-U) is effective for increasing teachers' use of strategies that promote positive child behavior, but more rigorous research with larger, diverse samples is needed to understand the effects of TCIT-U on teacher and child outcomes in early childhood special education. Using a cluster randomized control trial, we evaluated the effects of TCIT-U on (a) teacher skill acquisition and self-efficacy and (b) child behavior and developmental functioning. Teachers in the TCIT-U group (n = 37) exhibited significantly greater increases in positive attention skills, increased consistent responding, and decreased critical statements relative to teachers in the waitlist control group (n = 36) at post and 1-month follow-up (d's range from 0.

Telehealth Treatment of Behavior Problems in Young Children With Developmental Delay: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Early behavior problems in children with developmental delay (DD) are prevalent and impairing, but service barriers persist. Controlled studies examining telehealth approaches are limited, particularly for children with DD.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a telehealth parenting intervention for behavior problems in young children with DD.

A Natural Helper Intervention to Address Disparities in Parent Child-Interaction Therapy: A Randomized Pilot Study.

Objective: Parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) is an effective intervention to address child externalizing behaviors. However, disparities in access and retention are pervasive, which relate to the availability of PCIT in low-income communities, inadequate workforces to provide culturally appropriate care, and distrust in services due to systemic discrimination. This study incorporated natural helpers who had been trained as community health workers into PCIT delivery to improve disparities in engagement and outcomes.

A Preliminary Analysis of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy Plus Natural Helper Support to Increase Treatment Access and Engagement for Low-Income Families of Color.

Disparities in care for low-income children of color call for innovative culturally and linguistically responsive solutions to better engage marginalized populations in evidence-based interventions. In partnership with a community organization, the addition of natural helper support as an adjunct to Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT+NH) was examined as a strategy to increase recruitment, engagement, and retention in PCIT for families historically unreached by a university-based clinic. Natural helpers provided home-based skills practice and support for forty-two families whose parents were more racially and linguistically diverse and had lower income and lower caregiver education than the typical population served by the same program (i.

Person-Centered Cultural Assessment Can Improve Child Mental Health Service Engagement and Outcomes.

Objective: Disparities in child mental health service engagement suggest traditional evidence-based practices do not properly consider cultural and contextual factors relevant for marginalized families. We propose a person-centered approach to improve the cultural responsiveness of services. Preliminary research supports broadening standard assessments to include a person-centered evaluation of patient cultural factors, however, controlled studies have not been conducted in the context of children's mental health care.

Comparing Traditional and Ebook-Augmented Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT): A Randomized Control Trial of Pocket PCIT.

Disruptive behavior in young children is one of the most common referrals to behavioral health providers. While numerous effective parenting programs, such as parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT), exist for improving children's behaviors, challenges with treatment engagement and retention limit the intended positive impact on child and caregiver outcomes, particularly for racial and ethnic minority families. In an effort to address barriers contributing to poor engagement and retention in traditional PCIT service delivery and among ethnic and racial minority families, a multimedia PCIT ebook was developed and evaluated.

Intensive Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Children with Traumatic Brain Injury: Feasibility Study.

Objective: This study examined the feasibility and initial outcome of a time-limited and intensive format of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) for families of young children who have sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: The nonrandomized open trial included 15 families with a child aged 2-5 years who had sustained a TBI and displayed clinically elevated levels of externalizing behavior problems. Families received clinic-based PCIT twice per week over an average of 6 weeks, with the exception of two families that received the same intensity and format of PCIT in the home.

Rapid, Full-Scale Change to Virtual PCIT During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implementation and Clinical Implications.

Health agencies call for the immediate mobilization of existing interventions in response to numerous child and family mental health concerns that have arisen as result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Answering this call, this pilot study describes the rapid, full-scale change from a primarily clinic-based Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) model to a virtual service model (i.e.

Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for children with autism spectrum disorder and a matched case-control sample.

Parent-Child Interaction Therapy is an empirically based, behavioral parent training program for young children exhibiting disruptive behaviors. Parent-Child Interaction Therapy shows promise for treating disruptive behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder. Treatment processes (i.

Infant Language Production and Parenting Skills: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The current study examined the indirect effect of the use of behavioral parenting skills following the Infant Behavior Program, a brief, home-based adaptation of the child-directed interaction phase of parent-child interaction therapy, on infant language production. Participants were 60 infants (55% male, mean age 13.47 ± 1.

Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Children with Developmental Delay: The Role of Sleep Problems.

Objective: Sleep problems are common and associated with externalizing behavior problems in young children, particularly among young children with developmental delay (DD). The aims of the current study, which was a secondary data analysis of 2 previously conducted randomized controlled trials, were to assess whether parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) led to decreases in child sleep problems and whether initial sleep problems moderated the effect of PCIT on child behavior.

Methods: The study participants were 44 children (M = 49.

Changes in parental prosody mediate effect of parent-training intervention on infant language production.

Objective: Parent-training interventions to reduce behavior problems in young children typically coach parents on the content of their speech, but rarely assess parents' prosody during parent-child interactions. Infant-directed speech helps shape the parent-infant relationship and promote language development, which predicts adaptive behavioral outcomes in children. The current study examined (a) the effect of a parent-training intervention on parents' vocal cues in interactions with their infant and (b) whether parental prosody mediated the impact of the intervention on infant language production.

Characterizing Intervention Strategies Used in Community-Based Mental Health Care for Infants and Their Families.

Mental health interventions for infants typically target high-risk groups and can prevent long-term negative outcomes. Despite federal initiatives promoting early intervention, minimal research has examined usual care services for infants, which is important to improve routine care. The current study characterized usual care practices in infant mental health through the adaptation and administration of a provider survey.

Direct and Indirect Effects of Behavioral Parent Training on Infant Language Production.

Given the strong association between early behavior problems and language impairment, we examined the effect of a brief home-based adaptation of Parent-child Interaction Therapy on infant language production. Sixty infants (55% male; mean age 13.47±1.

Psychometric properties of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) in a high-risk sample of mothers and their infants.

The goal of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the English and Spanish versions of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) with mothers of 12- to 15-month-old infants with elevated levels of behavior problems and from predominately Hispanic, low-income backgrounds. Mothers of 58 infants were assessed as part of a larger study examining a brief home-based intervention for infants with elevated behavior problems. Internal consistency was good for all 3 subscales (i.

Behavioral Parent Training in Infancy: A Window of Opportunity for High-Risk Families.

To meet the mental health needs of infants from high-risk families, we examined the effect of a brief home-based adaptation of Parent-child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) on improvements in infant and parent behaviors and reductions in parenting stress. Participants included 60 infants (55 % male; average age of 13.5 ± 1.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA) in a Predominately Hispanic, Low-Income Sample.

The goal of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA) with 12- to 15-month-old infants from predominately Hispanic, low-income families. Mothers of 144 infants were screened at a pediatric clinic as part of a larger study examining a brief home-based intervention for infants at-risk for behavior problems. Reliability was good for the BITSEA problem scale in all analyses and acceptable for the BITSEA competence scale in most analyses.

Topical review: negative behavioral and cognitive outcomes following traumatic brain injury in early childhood.

Objective: To summarize recent research on negative behavioral and cognitive outcomes following early childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: Topical review of the literature published since the year 2000 examining behavioral and cognitive difficulties following TBI in early childhood.

Results: Research findings from the reviewed studies demonstrate a variety of negative behavioral and cognitive outcomes following TBI in childhood, particularly for children <5 years of age.