Infectivity of highly pathogenic isolates of potato spindle tuber viroid in dahlia.

Dahlias that are naturally infected with potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) do not exhibit symptoms. Therefore, if PSTVd isolates that are highly pathogenic in tomato plants infect dahlias, there is a significant risk of PSTVd infecting other plants via dahlias. In this study, we found that almost all highly pathogenic isolates were able to infect dahlia plants, but the symptoms varied depending on the cultivar.

Comparison of two highly sensitive methods to detect potato spindle tuber viroid in Dahlia using quantitative-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays.

Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) belongs to the Pospiviroidae family and is the type species for the genus Pospiviroid. In 2011, PSTVd was first detected in dahlias in Japan. Since that time, unregistered PSTVd isolates have been identified in seven field-grown dahlia cultivars.

Copy number variations in Japanese children with autism spectrum disorder.

Objective: Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) occurs worldwide, most genomic studies on ASD were performed on those of Western ancestry. We hypothesized ASD-related copy number variations (CNVs) of Japanese individuals might be different from those of Western individuals.

Methods: Subjects were recruited from the Hirosaki 5-year-old children's developmental health check-up (HFC) between 2013 and 2016 (ASD group; n = 68, control group; n = 124).

Identification and Molecular Mechanisms of Key Nucleotides Causing Attenuation in Pathogenicity of Dahlia Isolate of Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid.

While the potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) variant, PSTVd-Dahlia (PSTVd-D or PSTVd-D) induces very mild symptoms in tomato cultivar 'Rutgers', PSTVd-Intermediate (PSTVd-I or PSTVd-I) induces severe symptoms. These two variants differ by nine nucleotides, of which six mutations are located in the terminal left (TL) to the pathogenicity (P) domains. To evaluate the importance of mutations located in the TL to the P domains, ten types of point mutants were created by swapping the nucleotides between the two viroid variants.

Molecular dissection of a dahlia isolate of potato spindle tuber viroid inciting a mild symptoms in tomato.

The dahlia isolate of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) accumulates slowly and induces mild disease symptoms in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, cv. Rutgers) plants in contrast to the intermediate isolate (PSTVd-I). The dahlia isolate (PSTVd-D) differs from PSTVd-I in eight locations: 42 and 43 in the terminal left (TL); 64/65, 311, and 312/313 in the pathogenicity (P); 118 and 126 in the variable (V); and 201 in the terminal right (TR) domains.