Novel shuttle vector pGMβ1 for conjugative chromosomal manipulation of subsp. .

subsp. () is widely used as a starter for yogurt and cheese worldwide. Despite the economic importance of this bacterium in the dairy industry, there have been few genetic studies involving knockout or overexpression mutants to identify the functions of genes.

Chronological Urodynamic Evaluation of Changing Bladder and Urethral Functions After Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy.

Objective: To examine chronological changes in urethral and bladder functions before, immediately after, and 1 year after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), urodynamic studies were prospectively performed.

Methods: Sixty-three consecutive patients underwent pressure-flow studies, urethral pressure profiles, and abdominal leak point pressure (ALPP) tests 1-2 days before, immediately after, and 1 year after RARP.

Results: The mean bladder compliance was 28.