Nanocellulose Paper Semiconductor with a 3D Network Structure and Its Nano-Micro-Macro Trans-Scale Design.

Semiconducting nanomaterials with 3D network structures exhibit various fascinating properties such as electrical conduction, high permeability, and large surface areas, which are beneficial for adsorption, separation, and sensing applications. However, research on these materials is substantially restricted by the limited trans-scalability of their structural design and tunability of electrical conductivity. To overcome this challenge, a pyrolyzed cellulose nanofiber paper (CNP) semiconductor with a 3D network structure is proposed.

Normalized hand-behind-back for the measurement of shoulder internal rotation.

Background: The hand-behind-back (HBB) is a method for measuring the range of shoulder internal rotation; here, the highest vertebral level reached by the thumb is recorded. Alternatively, other specific landmarks may be used to measure its distance with the thumb. When the records of distance are adopted, it becomes difficult to compare individuals of different physiques, that is, comparing adults and children.