Molecular identification of larval bucephalids, Prosorhynchoides ozakii and Parabucephalopsis parasiluri , infecting the golden mussel, Limnoperna fortunei , by PCR-RFLP.

A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was developed for the molecular identification of 2 introduced bucephalid trematodes, Prosorhynchoides ozakii and Parabucephalopsis parasiluri . The method was applied for sporocysts and cercariae obtained from the golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei collected in the Uji River, Japan. The PCR-RFLP method showed that L.

Agmatine-conjugated cytidine in a tRNA anticodon is essential for AUA decoding in archaea.

A modified base at the first (wobble) position of some tRNA anticodons is critical for deciphering the genetic code. In eukaryotes and eubacteria, AUA codons are decoded by tRNAsIle with modified bases pseudouridine (and/or inosine) and lysidine, respectively. The mechanism by which archaeal species translate AUA codons is unclear.

Optimization of the hybridization-based method for purification of thermostable tRNAs in the presence of tetraalkylammonium salts.

We found that both tetramethylammonium chloride (TMA-Cl) and tetra-ethylammonium chloride (TEA-Cl), which are used as monovalent cations for northern hybridization, drastically destabilized the tertiary structures of tRNAs and enhanced the formation of tRNA*oligoDNA hybrids. These effects are of great advantage for the hybridization-based method for purification of specific tRNAs from unfractionated tRNA mixtures through the use of an immobilized oligoDNA complementary to the target tRNA. Replacement of NaCl by TMA-Cl or TEA-Cl in the hybridization buffer greatly improved the recovery of a specific tRNA, even from unfractionated tRNAs derived from a thermophile.