Direct Immobilization of Folic Acid Molecules on Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles with Substitution and Coordination Phenomena.

We successfully synthesized folic acid (FA) immobilized hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles without using a mediative reagent (e.g., silane coupling agent), and the immobilization states were evaluated and discussed.

Biological Surface Layer Formation on Bioceramic Particles for Protein Adsorption.

In the biomedical fields of bone regenerative therapy, the immobilization of proteins on the bioceramic particles to maintain their highly ordered structures is significantly important. In this review, we comprehensively discussed the importance of the specific surface layer, which can be called "non-apatitic layer", affecting the immobilization of proteins on particles such as hydroxyapatite and amorphous silica. It was suggested that the water molecules and ions contained in the non-apatitic layer can determine and control the protein immobilization states.

Coordination effect of citric acid to Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite on phase transition.

The phase transition of Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) with citric acid (Cit) coordination was investigated. Cit promoted the substitution of K ions into CDHA to generate the HA phase. The K-doping increased the phase transition temperature of CDHA, providing the transition to β- and α-tricalcium phosphates at higher temperatures.

Difficulty in complete transarterial embolization for pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma with massive hemoptysis.

A 43-year-old woman suffering from massive hemoptysis from pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) at the left lung hilum underwent bronchial and nonbronchial transarterial embolization (TAE) using gelatin sponge particles and n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate during three interventional procedures. However, since complete embolization of the tumor was difficult despite decreased tumor size, the tumor was surgically resected 3 months after the last interventional procedure. This case demonstrates the difficulty of complete TAE for pulmonary BML because of its hypervascularity and the rich communications between bronchial and nonbronchial anastomotic arteries.