Artificial intelligence-assisted volume isotropic simultaneous interleaved bright- and black-blood examination for brain metastases.

Purpose: To verify the effectiveness of artificial intelligence-assisted volume isotropic simultaneous interleaved bright-/black-blood examination (AI-VISIBLE) for detecting brain metastases.

Methods: This retrospective study was approved by our institutional review board and the requirement for written informed consent was waived. Forty patients were included: 20 patients with and without brain metastases each.

Comparison of diagnostic performance of radiologist- and AI-based assessments of T2-FLAIR mismatch sign and quantitative assessment using synthetic MRI in the differential diagnosis between astrocytoma, IDH-mutant and oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare assessments by radiologists, artificial intelligence (AI), and quantitative measurement using synthetic MRI (SyMRI) for differential diagnosis between astrocytoma, IDH-mutant and oligodendroglioma, and IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted and to identify the superior method.

Methods: Thirty-three cases (men, 14; women, 19) comprising 19 astrocytomas and 14 oligodendrogliomas were evaluated. Four radiologists independently evaluated the presence of the T2-FLAIR mismatch sign.

Quantitative relaxometry using synthetic MRI could be better than T2-FLAIR mismatch sign for differentiation of IDH-mutant gliomas: a pilot study.

This study aimed to determine whether quantitative relaxometry using synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (SyMRI) could differentiate between two diffuse glioma groups with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant tumors, achieving an increased sensitivity compared to the qualitative T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) mismatch sign. Between May 2019 and May 2020, thirteen patients with IDH-mutant diffuse gliomas, including seven with astrocytomas and six with oligodendrogliomas, were evaluated. Five neuroradiologists independently evaluated the presence of the qualitative T2-FLAIR mismatch sign.

A deep convolutional neural network-based automatic detection of brain metastases with and without blood vessel suppression.

Objectives: To develop an automated model to detect brain metastases using a convolutional neural network (CNN) and volume isotropic simultaneous interleaved bright-blood and black-blood examination (VISIBLE) and to compare its diagnostic performance with the observer test.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with clinical suspicion of brain metastases imaged with VISIBLE from March 2016 to July 2019 to create a model. Images with and without blood vessel suppression were used for training an existing CNN (DeepMedic).

Gamma distribution model of diffusion MRI for the differentiation of primary central nerve system lymphomas and glioblastomas.

The preoperative imaging-based differentiation of primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) and glioblastomas (GBs) is of high importance since the therapeutic strategies differ substantially between these tumors. In this study, we investigate whether the gamma distribution (GD) model is useful in this differentiation of PNCSLs and GBs. Twenty-seven patients with PCNSLs and 57 patients with GBs were imaged with diffusion-weighted imaging using 13 b-values ranging from 0 to 1000 sec/mm2.

Diagnostic accuracy for the epileptogenic zone detection in focal epilepsy could be higher in FDG-PET/MRI than in FDG-PET/CT.

Objectives: To examine the utility of FDG-PET/MRI in patients with epilepsy by comparing the diagnostic accuracy of PET/MRI and PET/CT in epileptogenic zone (EZ) detection.

Methods: This prospective study included 31 patients (17 males, 14 females) who underwent surgical resection for EZ. All patients were first scanned using FDG-PET/CT followed immediately with FDG-PET/MRI.

Correlations of amide proton transfer-weighted MRI of cerebral infarction with clinico-radiological findings.

Objective: To clarify the relationship between amide proton transfer-weighted (APTW) signal, which reflects intracellular pH, and clinico-radiological findings in patients with hyperacute to subacute cerebral infarction.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-nine patients (median age, 70 years [IQR, 54 to 74]; 15 men) were retrospectively examined. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles of APTW signal (APT10, APT25, APT50, APT75 and APT90, respectively) were measured within the infarction region-of-interest (ROI), and compared between poor prognosis and good prognosis groups (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score ≥2 and mRS score <2, respectively).

A voxel-based analysis of cerebral blood flow abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling MRI.

Objective: To identify abnormalities of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) by conducting a voxel-based analysis of pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) perfusion images.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study included 23 OCD patients (nine males, 14 females; age 21-62 years; mean ± SD 37.2 ± 10.

Vessel-selective 4D-MR angiography using super-selective pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling may be a useful tool for assessing brain AVM hemodynamics.

Objectives: To evaluate the usefulness of 4D-MR angiography based on super-selective pseudo-continuous ASL combined with keyhole and view-sharing (4D-S-PACK) for vessel-selective visualization and to examine the ability of this technique to visualize brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).

Methods: In this retrospective study, 15 patients (ten men and five women, mean age 44.0 ± 16.

Differentiation of high-grade from low-grade diffuse gliomas using diffusion-weighted imaging: a comparative study of mono-, bi-, and stretched-exponential diffusion models.

Purpose: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) plays an important role in the preoperative assessment of gliomas; however, the diagnostic performance of histogram-derived parameters from mono-, bi-, and stretched-exponential DWI models in the grading of gliomas has not been fully investigated. Therefore, we compared these models' ability to differentiate between high-grade and low-grade gliomas.

Methods: This retrospective study included 22 patients with diffuse gliomas (age, 23-74 years; 12 males; 11 high-grade and 11 low-grade gliomas) who underwent preoperative 3 T-magnetic resonance imaging from October 2014 to August 2019.

Acceleration-selective arterial spin labeling MR angiography for visualization of brain arteriovenous malformations.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of acceleration-selective arterial spin labeling (AccASL) MR angiography in the visualization of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in comparison with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography.

Methods: Twenty-one patients with brain AVM (mean age 31.1 ± 18.

Clinical efficacy of simplified intravoxel incoherent motion imaging using three b-values for differentiating high- and low-grade gliomas.

In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM)-derived parameters calculated with three b-values in differentiating high-grade gliomas (HGGs) from low-grade gliomas (LGGs) by comparing those calculated with multiple b-values. Ten patients with LGG (ages 35.1±12.

Improved Visualization of Middle Ear Cholesteatoma with Computed Diffusion-weighted Imaging.

Computed DWI (cDWI) is a mathematical technique that calculates arbitrary higher b value images from at least two different lower b values. In addition, the removal of high intensity noise with image processing on cDWI could improve cholesteatoma-background contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). In the present study, noise reduction was performed by the cut-off values of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) less than 0 and 0.

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease of the spinal dura mater: a case report.

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition disease is characterized by the accumulation of CPPD crystal in articular and periarticular tissues, but CPPD crystal deposition along the spinal dura mater has not been previously reported. We report a 54-year-old male presenting with progressive neck pain and numbness of the extremities. CT showed diffuse dorsal epidural calcification from C3-T6 which resulted in spinal canal stenosis.

Simultaneous MR neurography and apparent T2 mapping in brachial plexus: Evaluation of patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy.

Purpose: MR neurography is known to be useful to evaluate nerve pathology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of simultaneous apparent T2 mapping and neurography with nerve-sheath signal increased with inked rest-tissue rapid acquisition of relaxation enhancement imaging (SHINKEI) to distinguish patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) from healthy subjects.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 13 patients with CIDP and five healthy subjects from 2015 to 2017.

Lumbar plexus in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: evaluation with simultaneous T mapping and neurography method with SHINKEI.

Objective:: To evaluate the usefulness of simultaneous T mapping and neurography with nerve-sheath signal increased with inked rest-tissue rapid acquisition of relaxation enhancement imaging (SHINKEI) in the lumbar plexus to distinguish patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) from healthy controls.

Methods:: Our institutional review boards approved this retrospective study, and written informed consent was waived. 10 patients with CIDP from 2015 to 2017 were studied along with 5 healthy controls on a 3 T scanner.

Ultrahigh-resolution CT scan of the temporal bone.

Objective: Ultrahigh-resolution CT (U-HRCT) provides better spatial resolution than conventional multi-detector row CT (ConvCT) and could be expected to identify microstructures with its 0.25-mm collimation, 1792 channels and 160 detector rows, 0.4 × 0.

4D ASL-based MR angiography for visualization of distal arteries and leptomeningeal collateral vessels in moyamoya disease: a comparison of techniques.

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of four-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (4D-pCASL)-based angiography using CENTRA-keyhole and view sharing (4D-PACK) in the visualization of flow dynamics in distal cerebral arteries and leptomeningeal anastomosis (LMA) collaterals in moyamoya disease in comparison with contrast inherent inflow-enhanced multiphase angiography (CINEMA), with reference to digital subtraction angiography (DSA).

Methods: Thirty-two cerebral hemispheres from 19 patients with moyamoya disease (mean age, 29.7 ± 19.

Measurement of the perfusion fraction in brain tumors with intravoxel incoherent motion MR imaging: validation with histopathological vascular density in meningiomas.

Objective: To evaluate the quantification performance of the perfusion fraction (f) measured with intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MR imaging in a comparison with the histological vascular density in meningiomas.

Methods: 29 consecutive patients with meningioma (59.0 ± 16.

Spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma with intracranial invasion without destroying the bone of the skull base: a case report and literature review.

Spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma (ssRMS) is a new subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma included in the World Health Organization soft tissue and bone tumor classification in 2013. Despite the increasing number of reported cases of ssRMS, the imaging characteristics of ssRMS are not established. Herein, we present the case of an elderly Japanese woman with ssRMS of the masticator space with intracranial invasion without destruction of the adjacent bone.

Lumbar plexus in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: Evaluation with 3D nerve-sheath signal increased with inked rest-tissue rapid acquisition of relaxation enhancement imaging (3D SHINKEI).

Purpose: To evaluate whether 3D SHINKEI in the lumbar plexus could identify patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).

Materials And Methods: Twenty-one patients with CIDP and 15 non-CIDP patients were studied in this retrospective study. The SNR, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), contrast ratio (CR) and the size of the lumbar ganglions and roots were measured.

A Retroperitoneal Isolated Enteric Duplication Cyst Mimicking a Teratoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Enteric duplication cysts lacking anatomic association with the gastrointestinal tract are called isolated enteric duplication cysts (IEDCs). We present an atypical case of a retroperitoneal IEDC with a tortuous tubular complex shape that enfolded the surrounding retroperitoneal fat and mimicked a retroperitoneal teratoma. Multiplanar reconstruction images should be used to evaluate such a lesion correctly.