Publications by authors named "Daichi Maeda"
Background And Aims: In patients with heart failure (HF), differences in the association between estimated protein intake (PI) and prognosis in those with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD) remain to be clarified. This study aimed to investigate whether the prognostic effects of the estimated PI differ between patients with HF with and without CKD.
Methods: We included patients who required hospitalisation owing to worsening HF between 2015 and 2019 and assessed the estimated PI based on the adjusted Maroni formula using the body mass index and urinary urea nitrogen level.
Objectives: The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia in 2019 (AWGS 2019) emphasized muscle mass measurements. In contrast, the Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC) prioritizes functional strength and mobility. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the prognostic utility of the SDOC and AWGS 2019 criteria for all-cause mortality in older patients with heart failure.
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- The study explores the prevalence of cachexia, sarcopenia, and malnutrition in older patients with heart failure (HF) using definitions from the Asian Working Group for Cachexia (AWGC) and other criteria, finding that AWGC-defined cachexia was the most common condition.
- Among the 861 patients analyzed, cachexia was present in 74.1%, while other conditions showed lower prevalence rates.
- The results indicated that AWGC-defined cachexia was not significantly linked to all-cause mortality in these patients, contrasting with stronger associations found for cachexia according to Evans' criteria, sarcopenia, and malnutrition.
Article Synopsis
- Older patients (65+) with heart failure (HF) often experience physical frailty and malnutrition, which can worsen each other and lead to poor health outcomes.
- A study involving 862 hospitalized patients found that those with both frailty and malnutrition had the highest risk of death within a year of discharge compared to those with neither condition.
- Identifying and addressing both frailty and malnutrition in these patients is essential for improving their overall health and survival rates.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to analyze clinical features of patients with interstitial cystitis (IC) and bladder pain syndrome (BPS) by using a patient registry in Japan, classifying patients based on cystoscopic findings.
- A total of 529 patients from 14 university hospitals were included, showing that 66.5% had IC, with these patients being older and predominantly female, and with more comorbid autoimmune diseases.
- Results indicated that patients with IC experienced worse symptoms, quality of life, and bladder function compared to those with BPS, with specific bladder measurements significantly correlating with pain levels in IC patients.
Hunner-type interstitial cystitis (HIC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the urinary bladder with an unknown etiology. We conducted comprehensive immunogenomic profiling of bladder specimens obtained by biopsy and cystectomy from 37 patients with HIC. Next-generation RNA sequencing demonstrated abundant plasma cell infiltration with frequent light chain restriction in HIC-affected bladder tissue.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMyoepitheliomas are rare salivary gland-type tumors. The tumors are divided into four histological subtypes (spindle cell, plasmacytoid, epithelioid, and clear cell) and two variants (reticular and mucinous). A myoepithelioma of the mucinous variant, also referred to as mucinous or secretory myoepithelioma, is a novel variant of myoepithelioma characterized by the presence of extracellular mucin.
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- A study explored the effectiveness of the oral human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine IGMKK16E7 in treating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, showing promising results where some patients experienced a complete histological response.
- Researchers analyzed cervix-exfoliated cell samples from 42 patients to identify biomarkers that could predict the success of the vaccine, focusing on various gene expressions related to immune response.
- The key finding was that lower levels of the biomarker CD86 correlated with a higher likelihood of achieving a complete response to the vaccine, with CD86-low patients demonstrating a significantly increased response rate compared to those with higher CD86 levels.
Article Synopsis
- The revised clinical guidelines differentiate between interstitial cystitis (IC) and bladder pain syndrome (BPS), defining IC as a bladder condition with Hunner lesions and associated inflammation, while BPS lacks such lesions and confounding diseases.
- The pathophysiology differs significantly: IC is linked to immunological inflammation likely due to autoimmunity, whereas BPS arises from various factors like neurogenic inflammation and psychological stress.
- Effective management requires accurate diagnosis via cystoscopy to identify Hunner lesions, leading to tailored treatment strategies, although pain management methods may overlap for both conditions.
Aims: The 6-min walk test (6MWT) is a widely accepted tool for evaluating exercise tolerance and physical capacity, and the 6-min walk distance (6MWD) is an established prognostic factor in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the prognostic implications of post-6MWT dyspnoea remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of Borg scores after the 6MWT in patients with HF.
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- Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is common in acute heart failure (AHF) and impacts patient prognosis, but the changes in TR severity during hospital stays are not well understood.
- A study of 1,079 AHF patients found that over half exhibited improvement in TR severity by discharge, with those maintaining severe TR facing worse outcomes like higher mortality and rehospitalization rates.
- Persistent TR severity after treatment is a significant indicator of poor prognosis, suggesting that ongoing TR may require further treatment in AHF patients upon hospitalization.
Article Synopsis
- The study evaluated the validity of the AWGS 2019 criteria for diagnosing sarcopenia in heart failure patients and proposed a modified model incorporating the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) for better risk stratification.
- The modified model identified sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia differently than the original, detecting more cases, and showed a stronger link to 2-year mortality rates.
- Findings suggest that using the 6MWT enhances the ability to assess risk in patients with heart failure, indicating a need to revise current criteria for timely treatment decisions.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the potential cellular origins and molecular subtypes of clear cell ovarian carcinoma (CCOC) using advanced genomic and epigenomic analyses of 78 samples.
- Findings revealed that ARID1A and PIK3CA mutations occur without mutations in certain DNA repair genes and identified major CCOC subtypes associated with specific tissue types.
- CCOC subtypes were categorized into three clusters based on mutations and morphological similarities, with implications for understanding their biological behavior and guide treatment approaches.
Meningioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor in adults, with up to 10% manifesting as multiple tumors. Data on the genomic and molecular changes in sporadic multiple meningiomas are scarce, leading to ongoing debates regarding their evolutionary processes. A comprehensive genetic analysis of a large number of lesions, including precursor lesions, is necessary to explore these two possible origins: clonal and independent.
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- - Gastric adenocarcinoma shows various genetic changes, but the key genes responsible for its development are still unclear; this study focused on identifying these key genes by analyzing tissue samples from patients.
- - The researchers found that the VEGFA gene locus on chromosome 6p is often amplified in gastric adenocarcinoma, affecting about 20% of the cases studied.
- - VEGFA amplification is linked to specific cancer characteristics and improved patient survival rates, indicating it could serve as a marker for better prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma cases.
Aims: In heart failure (HF), inflammation is linked to malnutrition and impaired physical function. In this study, we aimed to assess how novel nutritional-inflammatory markers and lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR) and score (LCS) are associated with the nutritional status, physical function, and prognosis of patients with HF.
Methods And Results: This study was a secondary analysis of the FRAGILE-HF study, a prospective observational study conducted across 15 hospitals in Japan.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment of sarcomas, which are often hard to differentiate from sarcoma cells.
- Researchers scored specific CAF markers and analyzed their correlation with clinical outcomes in 133 sarcoma cases.
- Results indicate that higher CAF marker expression and increased macrophage counts are associated with worse disease-free, metastasis-free, and local recurrence-free survival rates in patients.*
Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) has been reported to occur in HLA regions in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. However, the details of how this is related to the progression of CIN have been unclear. In this study, we examined the human papillomavirus (HPV) antigen-presenting capacity of people with CIN and the significance of LOH of HLA class I in the progression of CIN.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWith global aging, the number of patients with heart failure has increased markedly. Heart failure is a complex condition intricately associated with aging, organ damage, frailty, and cognitive decline, resulting in a poor prognosis. The relationship among frailty, sarcopenia, cachexia, malnutrition, and heart failure has recently received considerable attention.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Social factors encompass a broad spectrum of nonmedical factors, including objective (social isolation [SI]) and perceived (loneliness) conditions. Although social factors have attracted considerable research attention, information regarding their impact on patients with heart failure is scarce. We aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of objective SI and loneliness in older patients with heart failure.
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- The study examined how common bendopnea is in older heart failure patients and its impact on their prognosis.
- Bendopnea was found in 2.5% of patients in the main study group and 4.4% in the validation group, with a higher risk of death over two years for those with this condition.
- The results indicate that bendopnea is a meaningful predictor of all-cause mortality, even when accounting for other risk factors.
While there is a great clinical need to understand the biology of metastatic cancer in order to treat it more effectively, research is hampered by limited sample availability. Research autopsy programmes can crucially advance the field through synchronous, extensive, and high-volume sample collection. However, it remains an underused strategy in translational research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpact of Multidomain Frailty on the Mode of Death in Older Patients With Heart Failure: A Cohort Study.
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes
May 2024
Article Synopsis
- Frailty in elderly heart failure patients correlates with overall mortality, but specific causes of death remain underexplored, prompting further investigation into multidomain frailty's role.
- The study analyzed 1,181 hospitalized patients, finding that as frailty increased (measured across physical, social, and cognitive domains), so did the risk of death, particularly from noncardiovascular causes.
- Results indicated that patients with higher frailty scores (2 or 3 domains) had a significantly increased risk of noncardiovascular death, while the association was not as strong for heart failure or other cardiovascular deaths.
Article Synopsis
- The study examined how nutrition is assessed and managed for hospitalized heart failure patients by surveying 147 cardiologists across 32 institutions, with a high response rate of 95%.
- Results revealed that while 78.2% of cardiologists performed nutritional assessments, only 38.3% used objective tools and a mere 9.5% evaluated for cardiac cachexia.
- Although 89.8% provided nutritional education before discharge, focus was primarily on sodium and water restrictions, with less attention to protein, micronutrients, and caloric intake, indicating a need for more comprehensive and tailored nutritional guidance.
Background: Current guidelines recommend placing an implantable cardiac defibrillator for patients with cardiac sarcoidosis and a severely impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≤35%. In this study, we determined the association between mild or moderate LVEF impairment and fatal ventricular arrhythmic event (FVAE).
Methods And Results: We retrospectively analyzed 401 patients with cardiac sarcoidosis without sustained ventricular arrhythmia at diagnosis.