Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity potential of organoselenium compounds in human leukocytes .

In the current work, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of different organoselenium compounds were examined using Trypan blue exclusion and alkaline comet assays with silver staining respectively. Leukocytes were subjected to a 3-hour incubation with organoselenium compounds at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 75 μM, or with the control vehicle (DMSO), at a temperature of 37 °C. The viability of the cells was evaluated using the Trypan blue exclusion method, while DNA damage was analyzed through the alkaline comet assay with silver staining.

High-sucrose diet induces diabetic-like phenotypes and oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster: Protective role of Syzygium cumini and Bauhinia forficata.

Diet is a key component for development and longevity of organisms. Here, the fruit fly was used to evaluate the detrimental effects caused by consumption of high-sucrose diets (HSD), namely phenotypic responses linked to insulin signaling and oxidative stress. The protective effects of extracts from medicinal plants Syzygium cumini and Bauhinia forficata were investigated.

Saponin from the fruit of Solanum anguivi protects against oxidative damage mediated by Fe and sodium nitroprusside in rat brain synaptosome P2 fraction.

Solanum anguivi fruit saponin has antidiabetic property via interference with cellular energy metabolism and inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In the current study, brain specific in vitro anti-oxidant role of S. anguivi saponin was investigated in the P2 synaptosomal fraction of rat brain.

Differential genotoxicity of diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2 and diphenyl ditelluride (PhTe)2.

Organoselenium compounds have been pointed out as therapeutic agents. In contrast, the potential therapeutic aspects of tellurides have not yet been demonstrated. The present study evaluated the comparative toxicological effects of diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2 and diphenyl ditelluride (PhTe)2 in mice after in vivo administration.

Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity evaluation of organochalcogens in human leucocytes: a comparative study between ebselen, diphenyl diselenide, and diphenyl ditelluride.

Organochalcogens, particularly ebselen, have been used in experimental and clinical trials with borderline efficacy. (PhSe)2 and (PhTe)2 are the simplest of the diaryl dichalcogenides and share with ebselen pharmacological properties. In view of the concerns with the use of mammals in studies and the great number of new organochalcogens with potential pharmacological properties that have been synthesized, it becomes important to develop screening protocols to select compounds that are worth to be tested in vivo.

Hydrochlorothiazide and high-fat diets reduce plasma magnesium levels and increase hepatic oxidative stress in rats.

This study was designed to develop a rodent model of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) toxicity by associating its intake with a high-fat (HF) diet. Rats were fed for 16 weeks with a control diet or with an HF diet supplemented or not with different doses of HCTZ. HCTZ, in a similar way to the HF diet, caused a significant increase in fructosamine levels.

Antioxidant properties of diorganoyl diselenides and ditellurides: modulation by organic aryl or naphthyl moiety.

Diorganoyl dichalcogenide compouds can have antioxidant activity in different in vitro and in vivo models. Here, we have compared the potential antioxidant activity of 1-dinaphthyl diselenide (1-NapSe)(2), 2-dinaphthyl diselenide (2-NapSe)(2), 1-dinaphthyl distelluride (1-NapTe)(2), 2-dinaphthyl ditelluride (2-NapTe)(2) with their well-studied analogs diphenyl diselenide ((PhSe)(2)) and diphenyl telluride ((PhTe)(2)). (PhSe)(2), (PhTe)(2), and naphthalene analogs-inhibited Fe(II)-induced lipid peroxidation, catalytically decomposed hydrogen peroxide and oxidized thiols, such as dithiothreitol (DTT), Cysteine (CYS), dimercaptopropionic acid (DMPS), and thiophenol (PhSH).

Ethanol-induced oxidative stress: the role of binaphthyl diselenide as a potent antioxidant.

It is widely accepted that oxidative stress plays a central role in alcohol-induced pathogenesis. The protective effect of binaphthyl diselenide (NapSe)2 was investigated in ethanol (Etoh)-induced brain injury. Thirty male adult Wistar rats were divided randomly into five groups of six animals each and treated as follows: (1) The control group received the vehicle (soy bean oil, 1 mL/kg, p.

Evaluation of the biological effects of (S)-dimethyl 2-(3-(phenyltellanyl) propanamido) succinate, a new telluroamino acid derivative of aspartic acid.

(S)-dimethyl 2-(3-(phenyltellanyl) propanamido) succinate, a new telluroamino acid derivative, showed remarkable glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like activity, attesting to its antioxidant potential. However, the stability and toxicity of this compound has not yet been investigated. The present study was designed to investigate the pharmacological/toxicological properties of this compound in vitro and in vivo.