Molecular Mechanisms of Healthy Aging: The Role of Caloric Restriction, Intermittent Fasting, Mediterranean Diet, and Ketogenic Diet-A Scoping Review.

As the population ages, promoting healthy aging through targeted interventions becomes increasingly crucial. Growing evidence suggests that dietary interventions can significantly impact this process by modulating fundamental molecular pathways. This review focuses on the potential of targeted dietary strategies in promoting healthy aging and the mechanisms by which specific nutrients and dietary patterns influence key pathways involved in cellular repair, inflammation, and metabolic regulation.

Translatability of life-extending pharmacological treatments between different species.

Anti-aging research has made significant strides in identifying treatments capable of extending lifespan across a range of organisms, from simple invertebrates to mammals. This review showcases the current state of anti-aging interventions, highlighting the lifespan extensions observed in animal models through various treatments and the challenges encountered in translating these findings to humans. Despite promising results in lower organisms, the translation of anti-aging treatments to human applications presents a considerable challenge.

Molecular mechanisms underlying major depressive disorder and post-stroke affective disorders.

Two of the most common and incapacitating mental health disorders around the world are major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-stroke depression (PSD). MDD is thought to result from abnormal connectivity between the monoaminergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic, and/or cholinergic pathways. Additional factors include the roles of hormonal, immune, ageing, as well as the influence of cellular, molecular, and epigenetics in the development of mood disorders.

Clinical Ageing.

Ageing is generally characterised by the declining ability to respond to stress, increasing homeostatic imbalance, and increased risk of ageing-associated diseases . Mechanistically, the lifelong accumulation of a wide range of molecular and cellular impairments leads to organismal senescence. The aging population poses a severe medical concern due to the burden it places on healthcare systems and the general public as well as the prevalence of diseases and impairments associated with old age.

Long-term treatment with chloroquine increases lifespan in middle-aged male mice possibly via autophagy modulation, proteasome inhibition and glycogen metabolism.

Previous studies have shown that the polyamine spermidine increased the maximum life span in and the median life span in mice. Since spermidine increases autophagy, we asked if treatment with chloroquine, an inhibitor of autophagy, would shorten the lifespan of mice. Recently, chloroquine has intensively been discussed as a treatment option for COVID-19 patients.