[The genetic features of drug resistance to group A streptococcus and macrolides antibiotics among pediatric patients in Beijing 2012].

Objective: To investigate the genetic features of drug resistance to group A streptococcus(GAS) and macrolides antibiotics among pediatric patients in Beijing 2012.

Methods: A total of 199 strains of GAS were collected from 36 hospitals in Beijing between May and July, 2012. All strains were isolated from oropharyngeal swabs.

[Study on types of M protein gene in group A streptococcus isolated from children in Beijing, 2011].

Objective: To explore the distribution characteristics of the types of M protein gene (emm) in group A streptococcus (GAS) isolated from children in Beijing in the year 2011.

Methods: During May to July in 2011, a total of 3315 patients who were diagnosed scarlet fever or pharyngeal infection by doctors in pediatric outpatient and emergency units of 36 hospitals, were selected as subjects. Their throat swab samples were collected and isolated the strains of GAS.

[Characteristics and related factors related to the resistance on antibiotics among group A streptococcus strains isolated from children in Beijing, during May and July 2011].

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of antibiotic resistance on group A streptococcus isolated from pediatrics in Beijing in 2011, to provide reference for clinical drug administration.

Methods: Strains of group A streptococcus were collected from the Departments of Pediatrics in 36 hospitals at different Districts of Beijing, from May to July 2011. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) with ten antibiotics of these isolates were tested by VITEK 2 Compact method.

[Application of EARS in early-warning of influenza pandemic in Beijing].

Objective: To illustrate the efficiency of cumulative sum (CUSUM) in pre-warning of the influenza peak in Beijing.

Methods: CUSUM was used to analyze the data of influenza like illness (ILI), and the results of the influenza laboratory surveillance was regarded as the gold standard to judge the approaching of the influenza peak.

Results: The surveillance was launched in 421 hospitals in Beijing during the 2009 to 2010 influenza season, while the influenza laboratory surveillance was launched by 7 collaborative laboratories.

[Comparisons of epidemiological and clinical characteristics in children with hand-foot-mouth disease caused by Enterovirus 71 and Coxackievirus A16].

Objective: To compare the differences of epidemiological and clinical characteristics in children with hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) caused by Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) and Enterovirus 71 (EV71).

Methods: The samples of vesicle fluid and throat swabs of 108 children with HFMD were collected and detected for enterovirus by RT-PCR. The clinical data of children with EV71 and CA16 infection were retrospectively reviewed and compared.

[Epidemiological characteristics and molecular typing of Salmonella in Beijing from 2008 to 2009].

Objective: To study the epidemiological characteristics and molecular phenotypes of Salmonella by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in Beijing from 2008 to 2009.

Methods: A total of one hundred thirty-seven isolates recovered from the WHO Global Salmonella Surveillance system and entero clinic surveillance system were identified by biochemical tests and serotyping. The related epidemiological informations were also analyzed.

[Etiological characteristics of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus in Beijing].

Objective: To analyze the results of detection on influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus in Beijing from May 2009 to December 2009 and to understand the epidemiologic characteristics during the pandemic period.

Methods: The study was conducted from the May 1 to December 27, 2009. A total of 101 852 throat swab samples were detected with the real-time RT-PCR assay by the Beijing Network Laboratory.

Serologic survey of pandemic influenza A (H1N1 2009) in Beijing, China.

Objective: To examine the frequency and distribution of antibodies against pandemic influenza A (H1N1 2009) [H1N1] in populations in Beijing and elucidate influencing factors.

Methods: In January 2010, a randomized serologic survey of pandemic influenza A (H1N1 2009) was carried out. Six districts that were randomly selected with a total of 4601 participants involved in the survey have their antibody level tested by hemagglutination inhibition assay.