Effects of Astragaloside IV and Formononetin on Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Hepatocytes.

Over-accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes hepatocyte dysfunction and apoptosis that might lead to the progression of liver damage. Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), the main NAD+-dependent deacetylase located in mitochondria, has a critical role in regulation of mitochondrial function and ROS production as well as in the mitochondrial antioxidant mechanism. This study explores the roles of astragaloside IV (AST-IV) and formononetin (FMR) in connection with SIRT3 for potential antioxidative effects.

Optimal nonlinear PID TSK3DCMAC controller based on balancing composite motion optimization for ballbot with external forces.

This paper proposes an innovative approach to address the challenges of dynamic balance and external disturbances in ballbot systems, overcoming the limitations of conventional Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers and their variants in handling highly nonlinear dynamics and external forces. Traditional PID controllers and their variants often have difficulty adapting to complex, real-time dynamic systems, leading to performance degradation under varying conditions. A nonlinear PID controller-based Takagi-Sugeno-Kang 3D Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller (TSK3DCMAC) is introduced to overcome these shortcomings.

Semiconducting Overoxidized Polypyrrole Nano-Particles for Photocatalytic Water Splitting.

Capturing sunlight to fuel the water splitting reaction (WSR) into O and H is the leitmotif of the research around artificial photosynthesis. Organic semiconductors have now joined the quorum of materials currently dominated by inorganic oxides, where for both families of compounds the bandgaps and energies can be adjusted synthetically to perform the Water Splitting Reaction. However, elaborated and tedious synthetic pathways are necessary to optimize the photophysical properties of organic semiconductors.

Public Health Travel Restrictions Implemented for Persons at Risk of Transmitting SARS-CoV-2 Infection-United States, January 1, 2020-April 6, 2022.

Context: Federal public health travel restrictions (FPHTR) in the United States are implemented for persons who meet specific criteria to prevent spread of communicable diseases of public health concern. FPHTR can mitigate the risk of disease transmission during air travel and mitigating disease translocation between geographic areas.

Objective: To characterize and determine the extent of FPHTR implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Advancing Newborn Screening in Washington State: A Novel Multiplexed LC-MS/MS Proteomic Assay for Wilson Disease and Inborn Errors of Immunity.

For many genetic disorders, there are no specific metabolic biomarkers nor analytical methods suitable for newborn population screening, even where highly effective preemptive treatments are available. The direct measurement of signature peptides as a surrogate marker for the protein in dried blood spots (DBSs) has been shown to successfully identify patients with Wilson Disease (WD) and three life-threatening inborn errors of immunity, X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), and adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADAD). A novel proteomic-based multiplex assay to detect these four conditions from DBS using high-throughput LC-MS/MS was developed and validated.

APOE Christchurch enhances a disease-associated microglial response to plaque but suppresses response to tau pathology.

Background: Apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). A recent case report identified a rare variant in APOE, APOE3-R136S (Christchurch), proposed to confer resistance to autosomal dominant Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, it remains unclear whether and how this variant exerts its protective effects.

Comparing Self-Perceived Awareness to Actual Awareness of the Podiatric Profession Among High School and College Students.

Background: Over the past few years there has been a decrease in the number of applicants applying to podiatric medical school. It has been suggested that this may be due to unfamiliarity with the profession of podiatric medicine. The goal of this study is to shed light on the misconceptions and lack of awareness of podiatric medicine so that the profession can better bridge the gap in knowledge with a resultant strategy to better increase recruiting efforts.

Practical advice in the development of a lyophilized protein drug product.

The development of lyophilized protein drug products is a critical and complex task in the pharmaceutical industry, requiring a comprehensive understanding of the myriad of factors affecting product quality, stability, and the efficiency and robustness of the lyophilization process. This review offers practical advice on the critical aspects of lyophilized protein drug product development. Practical considerations across both the early and late stages of development are discussed, underscoring the necessity of a strategic approach from initial development through to commercialization.

Cardiotoxic Effects Following CAR-T Cell Therapy: A Literature Review.

Purpose Of Review: This paper reviewed the current literature on incidence, clinical manifestations, and risk factors of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) cardiotoxicity.

Recent Findings: CAR-T therapy has emerged as a groundbreaking treatment for hematological malignancies since FDA approval in 2017. CAR-T therapy is however associated with a few side effects, among which cardiotoxicity is of significant concern.

Atmospheric pressure spatial atomic layer deposition of p-type CuO thin films from copper(II) acetylacetonate and ozone for UV detection.

Cupric oxide (CuO) is a promising p-type semiconducting oxide used in many critical fields, such as energy conversion and storage, and gas sensors, which is attributed to its unique optoelectrical properties and cost-effectiveness. This work successfully deposited amorphous, pinhole-free, ultrathin CuO films using atmospheric pressure spatial atomic layer deposition (SALD) with copper(II) acetylacetonate and ozone as precursors. The growth rate increased from 0.

Identifying the Optimal Sampling Strategy for the Bayesian Estimation of Vancomycin AUC in Adult Hematologic Cancer Patients.

Background And Objective: The latest consensus recommends using the ratio between the area under the curve over 24 h (AUC) and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) as the therapeutic target for vancomycin in clinical practice, with a Bayesian approach and population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model being particularly recommended. While using both post-dose peak concentration (C) and pre-dose concentration (C) is more accurate than C alone, the optimal sampling strategy for estimating AUC is still unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the best sampling time(s) to estimate AUC using the Bayesian approach in these specific adult hematologic cancer patients.

Novel Use of a Catheter-Based Device Retrieval System for Percutaneous Treatment of Recurrent Atrial Myxoma.

Surgical resection is standard of care for the treatment of atrial myxoma. However, the optimal management strategy for recurrent cardiac tumors is less clear. Here we report the novel use of a catheter-based device retrieval system for the removal of a recurrent cardiac myxoma.

Time series data on typhoid fever incidence during outbreaks from 2000 to 2022.

This article presents a comprehensive dataset compiling reported cases of typhoid fever from culture-confirmed outbreaks across various geographical locations from 2000 through 2022, categorized into daily, weekly, and monthly time series. The dataset was curated by identifying peer-reviewed epidemiological studies available in PubMed, OVID-Medline, and OVID-Embase. Time-series incidence data were extracted from plots using WebPlotDigitizer, followed by verification of a subset of the dataset.

Three-dimensional linkage analysis with digital PCR for genome integrity and identity of recombinant adeno-associated virus.

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) has emerged as the vector of choice for in vivo gene delivery, with numerous clinical trials underway for the treatment of various human diseases. Utilizing rAAV in gene therapy requires a highly precise quantification method to determine the viral genome titer and further establish the optimal therapeutic dosage for a rAAV product. The conventional single-channel droplet digital PCR (1D ddPCR) method offers only partial information regarding the viral vector genome titer, lacking insights into its integrity.

Bilateral breast swelling in a pregnant woman with high-grade B-cell lymphoma, potentially Burkitt lymphoma.

Primary breast Burkitt lymphoma is an aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and extremely rare. Burkitt lymphoma involving both breasts during pregnancy was a rare condition with fifteen cases reported in literature. We present a case of a 19-year-old 36 weeks pregnant woman who came for a check-up due to bilateral breast swelling.

Identify characteristics of Vietnamese oral squamous cell carcinoma patients by machine learning on transcriptome and clinical-histopathological analysis.

Background/purpose: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is notorious for its low survival rates, due to the advanced stage at which it is commonly diagnosed. To enhance early detection and improve prognostic assessments, our study harnesses the power of machine learning (ML) to dissect and interpret complex patterns within mRNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data and clinical-histopathological features.

Materials And Methods: 206 retrospective Vietnamese OSCC formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples, of which 101 were subjected to RNA-seq for classification based on gene expression.

Artificial intelligence in clinical genetics.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been growing more powerful and accessible, and will increasingly impact many areas, including virtually all aspects of medicine and biomedical research. This review focuses on previous, current, and especially emerging applications of AI in clinical genetics. Topics covered include a brief explanation of different general categories of AI, including machine learning, deep learning, and generative AI.

Characterization of Spray-Dried Powders Using a Coated Alberta Idealized Nasal Inlet.

Dry powders offer the potential to increase stability and reduce cold-chain requirements associated with the distribution of vaccines and other thermally sensitive products. The Alberta Idealized Nasal Inlet (AINI) is a representative geometry for characterization of nasal products that may prove useful in examining intranasal delivery of powders. Spray-dried trehalose powders were loaded at 10, 20, and 40 mg doses into active single-dose devices.

Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention and Management Among Indigenous Children and Youth: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Indigenous populations experience a disproportionately higher burden of early onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To contribute towards addressing this health disparity, evidence-based culturally appropriate interventions are urgently needed. This systematic review examines interventions designed to improve the prevention and management of T2DM among Indigenous children and youth.

A novel polymer composite from polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride for high performance triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs).

In this study, we report the successful fabrication of a novel antibacterial triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) using a polymer composite film based on polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG). The composite materials, with optimised ingredient ratios, consist of PHMG, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinking agent (PHMG-GA-PVA). Utilising 3D printing, these composite materials were directly deposited on the conductive substrates and used as positive TENG electrodes.

Ethical Food Consumption in the Digital Age: Consumer Attitudes Towards Digitally Monitored Animal Welfare in Pork Products.

Climate change is an emerging global reality with widespread effects on ecosystems and human communities. However, its significant impact on livestock animals often goes underdiscussed as more focus is given to impact of livestock production on climate change. Implementing high-welfare systems, such as digital monitoring of animals, can help mitigate climate-related challenges by reducing temperature fluctuations and controlling disease spread.

Association between underlying health conditions and long COVID among non-hospitalized and hospitalized individuals as modified by health literacy: A multi-center study.

Objectives: We investigated the effect modification of health literacy (HL) in ameliorating the negative impact of underlying health conditions (UHC) on long COVID among non-hospitalized and hospitalized survivors.

Study Design: An online cross-sectional study was conducted in Vietnam from December 2021 to October 2022.

Methods: A sample of 4507 participants recruited from 18 hospitals and health centers were those aged 18 or older, had contracted COVID-19 for at least 28 days, and were not in the acute phase of reinfection.

Association of smartphone and internet addiction with mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Excessive use of smartphones and the Internet can lead to addiction and may increase the risk of developing mental disorders, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized the existing literature reporting the impact of smartphone and Internet addiction on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A systematic search was performed on two databases, PubMed and EMBASE, following the PRISMA guidelines to identify articles conducted from December 2019 when the COVID-19 pandemic began to emerge.

The burden of headache disorders among medical students in Vietnam: estimates from a cross-sectional study with a health-care needs assessment.

Background: In our previous study, we demonstrated that headaches are highly prevalent among medical students in Vietnam. In the present study, we provide estimates of the associated symptom burden and impaired participation, utilizing these estimates to assess headache-related healthcare needs within this population.

Methods: The study followed the standardized methodology established by the Global Campaign against Headache.