Lone-Star retractor perineal exposure method for laparoscopic abdominal perineal resection of rectal cancer.

Background: The abdominal perineal resection (APR), historically referred to as Mile's procedure, stands as a time-honored surgical intervention for rectal cancer management. Advancements in surgical techniques and the advent of neoadjuvant therapies have significantly improved the rate of sphincter preservation among patients afflicted with rectal cancer, including those with ultralow rectal cancer. Despite these improvements, APR maintains its irreplaceable role in the clinical landscape, particularly for cases involving low rectal cancer with encroachment on the external anal sphincter or levator ani muscles.

Possible mechanisms of Cyclosporin A ameliorated the ischemic microenvironment and inhibited mitochondria stress in tree shrews' hippocampus.

Objective: The ischemic brain damage is always accompanied by the significant accumulation of glutamate and calcium ions (Ca(2+)). Our objectives were to observe the effects of glutamate and Ca(2+) overloading in tree shrew's hippocampal microenvironment on mitochondrial stress resulting in cytochrome C release and caspase apoptotic gene activation, and to explore the possible mechanism of Cyclosporin A (CsA) inhibiting mitochondrial stress.

Methods: The thrombotic focal cerebral ischemia was induced by photochemical reaction in tree shrews.