Three-dimensional computed tomography evaluation of the ulnocarpal joint under stress loading.

IV.

Presoaking hamstring autograft with vancomycin does not jeopardize its biomechanical properties, including graft elongation, after cyclic loading.

Purpose: Presoaking the graft with vancomycin before implantation has been shown to reduce the risk of postoperative infection after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). However, the effects of presoaking on the graft biomechanical properties remain unclear. This study aimed to determine whether presoaking the graft with vancomycin affects the graft biomechanical properties and length after cyclic loading.

The effects of medial soft tissue release for varus deformity during medial open wedge supramalleolar osteotomy: a cadaveric study.

Unlabelled: This study was performed to investigate the effects of fibular osteotomy and release of medial soft tissues including posterior tibial tendon (PTT), and deep deltoid ligaments, which act as medial stabilizing structures in medial open wedge SMO. Twelve fresh frozen human legs were obtained and disarticulated below the knee. Experiments were conducted in four steps.

Mobility and anthropometry of the sacroiliac joint: range of motion and morphological characteristics.

Purpose: The sacroiliac joint (SIJ), a synovial joint with irregular surfaces, is crucial for stabilizing the body and facilitating daily activities. However, recent studies have reported that 15-30% of lower back pain can be attributed to instability in the SIJ, a condition collectively referred to as sacroiliac joint dysfunction (SIJD). The aim of this study is to investigate how the morphological characteristics of the auricular surface may influence the SIJ range of motion (ROM) and to examine differences in SIJ ROM between females and males, thereby contributing to the enhancement of SIJD diagnosis and treatment.

Kinematical alignment better restores native patellar tracking pattern than mechanical alignment.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess whether kinematic alignment (KA) outperforms mechanical alignment (MA) in restoring patellar tracking to native patterns by using a clustering algorithm.

Methods: Twenty cadavers (40 knees) were evaluated. For each cadaver, one knee was randomly assigned to KA and the other to MA.

Regression analysis of nasal shape from juvenile to adult ages for forensic facial reconstruction.

The nose is a prominent feature for facial recognition and reconstruction. To investigate the relationship of the nasal shape with the piriform aperture in Korean adults and juveniles, we performed regression analysis. By regression analysis, prediction equations for nasal shape were obtained in relation to the shape of the piriform aperture considering sex and age groups.

Biomechanical Comparisons of Different Reconstructive Techniques for Scapholunate Dissociation: A Cadaveric Study.

There are many techniques for the treatment of chronic scapholunate dissociation. The three-ligament tenodesis (3LT) is used most widely, but reconstruction of the dorsal ligament alone may not provide sufficient stability. The Mark-Henry technique (MHT) compensates for the insufficient stability of 3LT by additional reconstruction of the volar ligament, but the procedure is complex.

Guided-Motion Bicruciate-Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty Reproduces Native Medial Collateral Ligament Strain.

Background and Objectives: Guided-motion bicruciate-stabilized (BCS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) includes a dual cam-post mechanism with an asymmetric bearing geometry that promotes normal knee kinematics and enhances anterior-posterior stability. However, it is unclear whether the improved biomechanics after guided-motion BCS TKA reproduce soft tissue strain similar to the strain generated by native knees. The purpose of this cadaveric study was to compare medial collateral ligament (MCL) strain between native and guided-motion BCS TKA knees using a video extensometer.

Restoration of the Joint Line Configuration Reproduces Native Mid-Flexion Biomechanics after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Matched-Pair Cadaveric Study.

Background: Recent evidence supports that restoration of the pre-arthritic condition via total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is associated with improved post-TKA performance and patient satisfaction. However, whether the restored pre-arthritic joint line simulates the native mid-flexion biomechanics remains unclear. Objective: We performed a matched-pair cadaveric study to explore whether restoration of the joint line via kinematically aligned (KA) TKA reproduced native knee biomechanics more accurately than the altered joint line associated with mechanically aligned (MA) TKA.

Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Repair Restores Contact Pressure and Contact Area to Its Native State Even After Opening-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy: A Cadaveric Biomechanical Study.

Purpose: To elucidate the effect of medial meniscus posterior root (MMPR) repair during opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) in terms of contact pressure (CP) and contact area (CA).

Methods: Nine fresh-frozen human cadaveric knee specimens were included. Each specimen was tested under 9 conditions comprising 3 different degrees of correction during OWHTO (neutral, 5° of valgus, and 10° of valgus) and 3 different types of MMPR conditions (intact, torn, and repaired).

The Improved Proximal Phalanx Osteotomy for Reducing Sesamoid in Hallux Valgus Surgery-A Cadaver Study.

A metatarsal osteotomy is known to have the effect of reduction of the sesamoid. However, the reduction of the sesamoid is not always completed by a metatarsal osteotomy alone. The purpose of this cadaver study was to show that the improved technique of a modified Akin proximal phalanx osteotomy (MPO) could be helpful for the reduction of the sesamoids in hallux valgus surgery.

Stabilization of the Distal Radioulnar Joint with or without Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Tear by an External Wrist Band Brace: A Cadaveric Study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a watch-shaped external wrist band brace improves distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) stability. Seven fresh cadaveric arms were used. Using a customized testing system, volar and dorsal translation forces were applied to the radius externally while the ulna was fixed.

The sex difference of the volume and surface area of the human axial skeleton.

We assessed the sex difference in the volume and surface area of the bone using three-dimensional bone models generated from computer tomography images of axial skeletal elements from 110 Korean cadavers. The volume and surface area of all bones were significantly different between females and males. The accuracy of sex determination ranged from 55.

Morphological symmetry of the radius and ulna-Can contralateral forearm bones utilize as a reliable template for the opposite side?

The most important precondition for correction of the affected forearm using data from the contralateral side is that the left and right bone features must be similar, in order to develop patient-specific instruments (PSIs) and/or utilize computer-assisted orthopedic surgery (CAOS). The forearm has complex anatomical structure, and most people use their dominant hand more than their less dominant hand, sometimes resulting in asymmetry of the upper limbs. The aim of this study is to investigate differences of the bilateral forearm bones through a quantitative comparison of whole bone parameters including length, volume, bowing, and twisting parameters, and regional shape differences of the forearm bones.

Biomechanical Effects of Aspect Ratio of the Knee during Outside-In Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery.

We analyzed tunnel length, graft bending angle, and stress of the graft according to tunnel entry position and aspect ratio (ASR: ratio of anteroposterior depth to mediolateral width) of the articular surface for the distal femur during single-bundle outside-in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgery. We performed multiflexible body dynamic analyses with four ASR (98, 105, 111, and 117%) knee models. The various ASRs were associated with approximately 1 mm changes in tunnel length.

Kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty restores more native medial collateral ligament strain than mechanically aligned total knee arthroplasty.

Purpose: Kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty (KA TKA) targets restoration of patient-specific alignment and soft tissue laxity. However, whether KA TKA reproduces native soft tissue strain remains unclear. This cadaveric study tested the hypothesis that KA TKA would better restore the quantitative strain and strain distribution of medial collateral ligament (MCL) to the native healthy knee compared to mechanically aligned (MA) TKA.

Versatile Usage of the Modified Lateral Mass Screw as an Alternative to Cervical Pedicle Screw Fixation.

Objective:  Posterior subaxial cervical screw fixation is commonly performed using the cervical pedicle screws (CPS) and lateral mass screws (LMS); however, their compatibility is low. Modified lateral mass screws (mLMS, also called paravertebral foramen screw) fixation was introduced as a salvage technique for LMS fixation and has features of both LMS and CPS techniques. In the present study, the use of mLMS as an alternative to CPS was analyzed based on clinical results.

Movement of the sacroiliac joint: Anatomy, systematic review, and biomechanical considerations.

Several researchers investigated the anatomy and biomechanics of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) to understand the relationship between lower back pain and the SIJ. Many studies concluded that the SIJ has little movement; however, some studies using spinopelvic parameters mentioned high change in pelvic incidence (PI). In this study, SIJ movement and PI change reported in previous studies were reviewed according to position and posture changes.

Aging of the bony orbit in East Asians: a three-dimensional computed tomographic study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate age-related changes of orbital rim in Koreans and construct a reference data set for the aging phenomenon in Asians.

Methods: Data were collected from computed tomography (CT) scans of orbits and facial bones obtained from 107 Korean (55 males and 52 females) at intervals of 0.60 mm.

Technical variation of trans-articular sacroiliac joint (SIJ) fusion using three screws considering the effects of sacral dysplasia in patients with non-traumatic SIJ pain.

Background: This study evaluated the technical adequacy of trans-articular sacroiliac joint (SIJ) fusion using three screws for non-traumatic SIJ pain, considering different grades of sacral dysplasia.

Methods: Cadaveric CT data of unilateral sacropelvic complexes for 72 individuals (53.4 ± 8.

Factors affecting stability after medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy using locking plate: A cadaveric study.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of screw length, lateral hinge fracture, and gap filling on stability after medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOW HTO) using a locking plate.

Methods: Forty tibiae from fresh-frozen cadavers were randomly allocated into five groups. Group A was bicortically fixated, while Group B and Group C were unicortically fixated: 90% and 55% of drilled tunnel length, respectively.

A new anatomical approach of cervical lateral mass for cervical pedicle screw and paravertebral foramen screw insertion.

Thus far, anatomical studies have reported data on the cervical pedicle, with the focus remaining on the pedicle itself. It was necessary to obtain more comprehensive data about the relationships between the lateral mass, pedicle, and transverse foramen for cervical pedicle screwing (CPS) and paravertebral foramen screwing (PVFS), a new technique. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationships between the lateral mass, pedicle, and transverse foramen.

Anatomical Consideration of the Anterolateral Ligament of the Knee.

Many researchers have studied the structures of the anterolateral part of the knee. Several researchers have investigated the existence of the anterolateral ligament (ALL) and its frequency has been inconsistently reported. Therefore, we assessed whether the ALL is the anatomical true ligament and studied the morphological variations of this structure.

During forearm rotation the three-dimensional ulnolunate distance is affected more by translation of the ulnar head than change in ulnar variance.

Ulnolunate abutment has been thought to be aggravated by pronation because of an increase in ulnar variance. We hypothesized that the ulnolunate distance might be greater in pronation because the ulnar head is dorsally translated. Twenty-one three-dimensional reconstructions of computed tomographic scans of wrists taken in supination and pronation were investigated.