Immunoadjuvant therapy in the regulation of cell death in sepsis: recent advances and future directions.

Sepsis is characterized by a concomitant early pro-inflammatory response by immune cells to an infection, and an opposing anti-inflammatory response that results in protracted immunosuppression. The primary pathological event in sepsis is widespread programmed cell death, or cellular self-sacrifice, of innate and adaptive immune cells, leading to profound immunological suppression. This severe immune dysfunction hampers effective primary pathogen clearance, thereby increasing the risk of secondary opportunistic infections, latent viral reactivation, multiple organ dysfunction, and elevated mortality.

Combined, converted, and prophylactic use of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta for severe torso trauma: a retrospective study.

Introduction: Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is used as an intra-aortic balloon occlusion in Japan; however, protocols for its effective use in different conditions have not been established. This study aimed to summarize the strategies of REBOA use in severe torso trauma.

Methods: Twenty-nine cases of REBOA for torso trauma treated at our hospital over 5 years were divided into hemodynamically unstable (HU) ( = 12), cardiac arrest (CA) ( = 13), and hemodynamically stable (HS) ( = 4) groups.