Comparison of AI with and without hand-crafted features to classify Alzheimer's disease in different languages.

Background: Detecting and analyzing Alzheimer's disease (AD) in its early stages is a crucial and significant challenge. Speech data from AD patients can aid in diagnosing AD since the speech features have common patterns independent of race and spoken language. However, previous models for diagnosing AD from speech data have often focused on the characteristics of a single language, with no guarantee of scalability to other languages.

A Review of Current Digital Mental Health Care Applications for Anxiety Symptoms and Future Prospects.

Objective: Since the impact of the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic, the need for efficiency in medical services has become more urgent than ever. The digital treatment market is rapidly growing worldwide and digital therapeutics (DTx), a major part of the digital medical services, is also emerging as a new paradigm for treatment, with its industry growing rapidly as well. Increasing research is done on the effectiveness of mobile DTx in improving mental health conditions such as insomnia, panic, and depression.

Effects of bilateral tDCS over DLPFC on response inhibition, craving, and brain functional connectivity in Internet gaming disorder: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial with fMRI.

Background And Aims: Impaired inhibitory control accompanied by enhanced craving is hallmark of addiction. This study investigated the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on response inhibition and craving in Internet gaming disorder (IGD). We examined the brain changes after tDCS and their correlation with clinical variables.

Developing a Cost-Effectiveness Model of Digital Therapeutics for Smoking Cessation.

The purpose of this research was to construct a Markov model of digital therapeutics to predict the lifetime costs and consequences that would be incurred by a hypothetical group of adult smokers in Korea who only made a single attempt to stop smoking. To determine the efficacy of DTx, we created an annual cycle Markov model. The result shows that the NRT strategy is determined as the dominant strategy.

Development of depression detection algorithm using text scripts of routine psychiatric interview.

Background: A psychiatric interview is one of the important procedures in diagnosing psychiatric disorders. Through this interview, psychiatrists listen to the patient's medical history and major complaints, check their emotional state, and obtain clues for clinical diagnosis. Although there have been attempts to diagnose a specific mental disorder from a short doctor-patient conversation, there has been no attempt to classify the patient's emotional state based on the text scripts from a formal interview of more than 30 min and use it to diagnose depression.

Investigating psychological and motivational predictors of problematic smartphone use among Smartphone-based Social Networking Service (SNS) users.

Given that the active use of certain smartphone applications is associate with problematic smartphone use, it has been proposed that certain smartphone applications are more addictive than others, such as Social Networking Services (SNS). Still, studies that consider smartphone users' main usage application which are known to influence the users' problematic smartphone use, such as SNS, remain to be explored. Thus, the current study aims to investigate the psychological and motivational predictors of problematic smartphone use in a sample of smartphone-based SNS users whose main device usage is SNS.

Characteristics and Potential Challenges of Digital-Based Interventions for Children and Young People: Scoping Review.

Background: Digital health technologies are becoming increasingly available to children and young people and their families. However, there are no scoping reviews that provide both an overview of the characteristics of digital interventions for children and young people and potential challenges to be considered when developing and implementing them.

Objective: This study aimed to systematically review scientific publications to identify the current characteristics and potential complications of digital interventions for children and young people.

Echinochrome A Inhibits Melanogenesis in B16F10 Cells by Downregulating CREB Signaling.

Excessive increase in melanin pigment in the skin can be caused by a variety of environmental factors, including UV radiation, and can result in spots, freckles, and skin cancer. Therefore, it is important to develop functional whitening cosmetic reagents that regulate melanogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of echinochrome A (Ech A) on melanogenesis in the B16F10 murine melanoma cell line.

Differential Gene Expression in the Hippocampi of Nonhuman Primates Chronically Exposed to Methamphetamine, Cocaine, or Heroin.

Objective: Methamphetamine (MA), cocaine, and heroin cause severe public health problems as well as impairments in neural plasticity and cognitive function in the hippocampus. This study aimed to identify the genes differentially expressed in the hippocampi of cynomolgus monkeys in response to these drugs.

Methods: After the monkeys were chronically exposed to MA, cocaine, and heroin, we performed large-scale gene expression profiling of the hippocampus using RNA-Seq technology and functional annotation of genes differentially expressed.

The Role of Motivation Systems, Anxiety, and Low Self-Control in Smartphone Addiction among Smartphone-Based Social Networking Service (SNS) Users.

Given that Social Networking Service (SNS) has emerged as the most influential platform, which can lead users to addictive smartphone use, it is necessary to investigate which psychological variables lead smartphone-based SNS users to addictive smartphone use. Still, studies on the relationship between psychological variables and addictive smartphone use among smartphone-based SNS users remain to be explored. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the role of psychological factors on smartphone addiction proneness (SAP).

Altered connectivity in the right inferior frontal gyrus associated with self-control in adolescents exhibiting problematic smartphone use: A fMRI study.

Background: With the continued spread of smartphones and development of the internet, the potential negative effects arising from problematic smartphone use (PSU) in adolescents are being reported on an increasing basis. This study aimed to investigate whether altered resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) is related to the psychological factors underlying PSU in adolescents.

Methods: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance images were acquired from 47 adolescents with PSU and 46 healthy control adolescents (the CON group).

Reduced Volume of a Brainstem Substructure in Adolescents with Problematic Smartphone Use.

Objectives: Despite the growing concern regarding the adverse effects related to problematic smartphone use (PSU), little is known about underlying morphologic changes in the brain. The brainstem is a deep brain structure that consists of several important nuclei associated with emotions, sensations, and motor functions. In this study, we sought to examine the difference in the volume of brainstem substructures among adolescents with and without PSU.

The Effect of Stress on Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: Active Coping Strategy and Self-Control as Mediators.

Objective: The aim of this study was to verify the effects of stress on compulsive sexual behavior disorder and the mediating effects of active coping strategies and self-control.

Methods: A self-reporting scale was administered to 300 adults aged 20 to 39, and the collected data were analyzed. The measures used for the study included a perceived stress scale, the way of coping checklist, a brief self-control scale, and an online compulsive sexual behavior disorder scale.

The Effect of Stress on Internet Game Addiction Trends in Adults: Mindfulness and Conscientiousness as Mediators.

Objective: This study examined the mediating effect of mindfulness and consciousness among five factors on the effect of stress on Internet game addiction tendency.

Methods: An online survey was conducted on 400 men and women between their 20s and 40s across Korea. The scales used in the study were the Internet game addiction scale based on the DSM-5, Perceived Stress Scale, Mindfulness Scale, and Five-Factor Personality Scale.

Machine learning prediction of dropping out of outpatients with alcohol use disorders.

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic disease with a higher recurrence rate than that of other mental illnesses. Moreover, it requires continuous outpatient treatment for the patient to maintain abstinence. However, with a low probability of these patients to continue outpatient treatment, predicting and managing patients who might discontinue treatment becomes necessary.

A Deep Learning Algorithm to Predict Hazardous Drinkers and the Severity of Alcohol-Related Problems Using K-NHANES.

The number of patients with alcohol-related problems is steadily increasing. A large-scale survey of alcohol-related problems has been conducted. However, studies that predict hazardous drinkers and identify which factors contribute to the prediction are limited.

Behavioral Intention to Use a Smartphone Usage Management Application Between a Non-Problematic Smartphone Use Group and a Problematic Use Group.

Despite the many advantages of smartphone in daily life, there are significant concerns regarding their problematic use. Therefore, several smartphone usage management applications have been developed to prevent problematic smartphone use. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors of users' behavioral intention to use smartphone usage management applications.

Caudate nucleus volume mediates the link between glutamatergic neurotransmission and problematic smartphone use in youth.

Background And Aims: Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is growing rapidly among teens. It has similar presentations as other behavioral addictions in terms of excessive use, impulse control problems, and negative consequences. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain undiscovered.

The neural basis underlying impaired attentional control in problematic smartphone users.

As a portable media device that enables ubiquitous access to friends and entertainment, smartphones are inextricably linked with our lives. Although there is growing concern about the detrimental effect of problematic smartphone use on attentional control, the underlying neural mechanisms of impaired attentional control in problematic smartphone users (PSU) has yet to be investigated. Using a modified cognitive conflict task, we examined behavioral performance in the presence of distracting words during functional magnetic resonance imaging in 33 PSU and 33 control participants (CON).