Risk of bias assessment tools often addressed items not related to risk of bias and used numerical scores.

Objective: We aimed to determine whether the existing risk of bias assessment tools addressed constructs other than risk of bias or internal validity, and whether they used numerical scores to express quality, which is discouraged and may be a misleading approach.

Methods: We searched Ovid MEDLINE and Embase to identify quality appraisal tools across all disciplines in human health research. Tools designed specifically to evaluate reporting quality were excluded.

Testosterone Replacement in Men with Sexual Dysfunction: An Abridged Version of the Cochrane Systematic Review.

Purpose: To assess the effects of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) compared to placebo or other medical treatments in men with sexual dysfunction.

Materials And Methods: We performed a comprehensive search with no restrictions on publication language or status up to 29 August 2023. We only included randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Simultaneous evaluation of the imprecision and inconsistency domains of GRADE can be performed using prediction intervals.

Objectives: To explore the use of prediction interval (PI) for the simultaneous evaluation of the imprecision and inconsistency domains of Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, and Evaluation using stakeholder-provided decision thresholds.

Study Design And Setting: We propose transforming the PI of a meta-analysis from a relative risk scale to an absolute risk difference using an appropriate baseline risk. The transformed PI is compared to stakeholder-provided thresholds on an absolute scale.

Hormonal Treatments and Vaginal Moisturizers for Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause : A Systematic Review.

Background: Postmenopausal women commonly experience vulvovaginal, urinary, and sexual symptoms associated with genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM).

Purpose: To evaluate effectiveness and harms of vaginal estrogen, nonestrogen hormone therapies, and vaginal moisturizers for treatment of GSM symptoms.

Data Sources: Medline, Embase, and CINAHL through 11 December 2023.

Impact of the diagnostic label for a low-risk prostate lesion: protocol for two online factorial randomised experiments.

Introduction: Many types of prostate cancer present minimal risk to a man's lifespan or well-being, but existing terminology makes it difficult for men to distinguish these from high-risk prostate cancers. This study aims to explore whether using an alternative label for low-risk prostate cancer influences management choice and anxiety levels among Australian men and their partners.

Methods And Analysis: We will run two separate studies for Australian men and Australian women with a male partner.

Prostate cancer screening with MRI does not differ from PSA only for detection but reduces biopsies and overdiagnosis.

Fazekas T, Shim SR, Basile G, et al. JAMA Oncol. 2024;10:745-754.

Estimating the Effect of Radical Prostatectomy: Combining Data From the SPCG4 and PIVOT Randomized Trials With Contemporary Cohorts.

Purpose: Two randomized trials (SPCG4 and PIVOT) have compared surgery to conservative management for localized prostate cancer. The applicability of these trials to contemporary practice remains uncertain. We aimed to develop an individualized prediction model for prostate cancer mortality comparing immediate surgery at a high-volume center to active surveillance.

Cytoreductive nephrectomy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Nephrectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of a kidney. When the aim of nephrectomy is to reduce tumor burden in people with established metastatic disease, the procedure is called cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN). CN is typically combined with systemic anticancer therapy (SACT).

Under-representation of Diversity on American Urological Association and European Association of Urology Guideline Panels.

Objective: To assess the panel composition of the 2 most important guideline developers in urology as equity and acceptability, important domains in clinical guideline development, require broad stakeholder representation.

Methods: Following a predefined protocol, we identified all current AUA and EAU guideline documents. Two authors independently abstracted data including guideline topic, number and roles of panel members, voting status, and academic rank.

Immunotherapy for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: an abridged Cochrane review.

Objectives: To assess the effects of immunotherapy compared to chemotherapy as first- and second-line treatment of advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Methods: Based on a published protocol, we performed a systematic search of multiple databases. Two review authors independently performed the literature selection, identified relevant studies, assessed the eligibility of studies for inclusion, and extracted data.

GRADE guidance 37: rating imprecision in a body of evidence on test accuracy.

Objectives: To provide guidance on rating imprecision in a body of evidence assessing the accuracy of a single test. This guide will clarify when Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) users should consider rating down the certainty of evidence by one or more levels for imprecision in test accuracy.

Study Design And Setting: A project group within the GRADE working group conducted iterative discussions and presentations at GRADE working group meetings to produce this guidance.

Testosterone replacement in men with sexual dysfunction.

Background: Clinical practice guidelines recommend testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) for men with sexual dysfunction and testosterone deficiency. However, TRT is commonly promoted in men without testosterone deficiency and existing trials often do not clearly report participants' testosterone levels or testosterone-related symptoms. This review assesses the potential benefits and harms of TRT in men presenting with complaints of sexual dysfunction.

Uncovering gaps in GRADE reporting of Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST) guidelines.

Objectives: To formally evaluate the uptake and reporting of the Grading of Recommendation Assessments, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) developed by the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST).

Study Design And Setting: Based on an a priori, written protocol, we developed a dedicated data abstraction form that included the six suggested criteria for using and applying GRADE. By searching the EAST website, we identified all EAST guidelines that referenced the use of GRADE.

Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy: an abridged Cochrane review.

Objective: To assess the effects of tranexamic acid (TXA) in individuals with kidney stones undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

Patients And Methods: We performed a literature search of Cochrane Library, PubMed (including MEDLINE), Embase, Scopus, Global Index Medicus, trials registries, grey literature, and conference proceedings. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared treatment with PCNL with administration of TXA to placebo (or no TXA) for patients aged ≥18 years.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus retrograde intrarenal surgery for treatment of renal stones in adults.

Background: Kidney stones (also called renal stones) can be a source of pain, obstruction, and infection. Depending on size, location, composition, and other patient factors, the treatment of kidney stones can involve observation, shock wave lithotripsy, retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS; i.e.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy vs retrograde intrarenal surgery for renal stones: a Cochrane Review.

Objectives: To assess the effects of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) vs retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for the treatment of renal stones in adults.

Methods: We performed a comprehensive search of the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, three other databases, trials registries, other sources of the grey literature, and conference proceedings up to 23 March 2023. We applied no restrictions on publication language or status.