Impact of COVID-19 Campus Closure on Undergraduates.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an abrupt transition from in-person to online learning in Spring 2020.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of the transition on undergraduates during the period following the campus closure.

Method: 131 psychology undergraduate students completed an online survey of how the COVID-19 closure had impacted their academics, online learning environment, and traumatic stress symptoms (using the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for the DSM-5).

Conditioned Pain Modulation in Children: The Effects of Painful and Nonpainful Conditioning Stimuli.

Conditioned pain modulation (CPM), a psychophysical measure in which 1 pain stimulus (conditioning stimulus) is used to inhibit another pain stimulus (test stimulus), is an important indicator of endogenous pain inhibition in adults, but is understudied in children. Preliminary evidence suggests that CPM effects are present in healthy children and are more robust in adolescents. However, developmental differences in younger children are not well documented and few studies control for potential distraction effects of the conditioning stimulus (CS).

Cognitive load and the effectiveness of distraction for acute pain in children.

Background: Distraction tasks that place continuous, high demand on executive resources have been shown to reduce pain intensity and pain unpleasantness ratings in some healthy adult samples. We examined the effects of a high-demand 'working memory' 1-back task compared to a low-demand 'motor control' task on pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings in healthy children. Additionally, dispositional mindfulness was examined to explore the mechanisms of distraction on the affective processing of pain.

Working memory and visual discrimination distraction tasks improve cold pressor pain tolerance in children.

Objective: Distraction is a well-established pain management technique for children experiencing acute pain, although the mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of distraction are not well understood. It has been postulated that engagement of executive functions, such as working memory, may be a critical factor in attenuating pain via distraction. To test this hypothesis, we compared a 1-back task requiring engagement of working memory with a simple visual discrimination task demanding focused attention, but lower cognitive load (0-back).

The Development and Evaluation of a Statewide Training Center for Home Visitors and Supervisors.

This paper informs practice in community-based home visiting workforce development by describing the development and evaluation of a university-based training certificate program for home visitors and supervisors. The Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation (ISF; Wandersman et al., 2008) guides our conceptualization and paper organization.

The effects of auditory background noise and virtual reality technology on video game distraction analgesia.

Background and aims The present study was designed to evaluate the relative efficacy of two video game display modalities - virtual reality (VR) assisted video game distraction, in which the game is presented via a VR head-mounted display (HMD) helmet, versus standard video game distraction, in which the game is projected on a television - and to determine whether environmental context (quiet versus noisy) moderates the relative efficacy of the two display modalities in reducing cold pressor pain in healthy college students. Methods Undergraduate students (n=164) were stratified by sex and self-reported video game skill and were randomly assigned to a quiet or a noisy environment. Participants then underwent three cold pressor trials consisting of one baseline followed by two distraction trials differing in display modality (i.

Development of a Food Allergy Knowledge Test for Parents.

Objective: To create a measure of food allergy (FA) knowledge for parents of children with FA.

Methods: The food allergy knowledge test (FAKT) was developed following rigorous test-construction guidelines. The preliminary 110-item pool content was developed in consultation with FA experts.

Brief submaximal isometric exercise improves cold pressor pain tolerance.

Exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH), or the inhibition of pain following physical exercise, has been demonstrated in adults, but its mechanisms have remained unclear due to variations in methodology. This study aimed to address methodological imitations of past studies and contribute to the literature demonstrating the generalizability of EIH to brief submaximal isometric exercise and cold pressor pain. Young adults (n = 134) completed a baseline cold pressor trial, maximal voluntary contraction (hand grip strength) assessment, 10-min rest, and either a 2-min submaximal isometric handgrip exercise or a sham exercise in which no force was exerted, followed by a cold pressor posttest.

Parents of Children With Food Allergy: Gender Differences in Perceived Impact and Perceived Food Allergy Severity.

Objective: To compare fathers' and mothers' perceptions of the impact and severity of their child's food allergy and their levels of involvement in allergy-related care.

Methods: One hundred parents of children with food allergy (50 mother-father pairs) rated the severity of their child's food allergies and completed the Food Allergy Impact Scale. A subset of 52 parents reported how often they engaged in food allergy-related care.

Integrating interactive computational modeling in biology curricula.

While the use of computer tools to simulate complex processes such as computer circuits is normal practice in fields like engineering, the majority of life sciences/biological sciences courses continue to rely on the traditional textbook and memorization approach. To address this issue, we explored the use of the Cell Collective platform as a novel, interactive, and evolving pedagogical tool to foster student engagement, creativity, and higher-level thinking. Cell Collective is a Web-based platform used to create and simulate dynamical models of various biological processes.

Parenting and independent problem-solving in preschool children with food allergy.

Objective: To examine autonomy-promoting parenting and independent problem-solving in children with food allergy.

Methods: 66 children with food allergy, aged 3-6 years, and 67 age-matched healthy peers and their mothers were videotaped while completing easy and difficult puzzles. Coders recorded time to puzzle completion, children's direct and indirect requests for help, and maternal help-giving behaviors.

Case study: videogame distraction reduces behavioral distress in a preschool-aged child undergoing repeated burn dressing changes: a single-subject design.

Objective: This single-subject design study evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of passive and interactive videogame distraction on behavioral distress for a preschool-aged child receiving repeated burn dressing changes.

Method: A 4-year-old girl underwent 3 baseline and 10 videogame distraction sessions (5 passive and 5 interactive) using a restricted alternating treatments design. Observed behavioral distress was coded, and parents and nurses rated the child's distress and cooperative behavior.

The effects of coping style on virtual reality enhanced videogame distraction in children undergoing cold pressor pain.

This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) enhanced interactive videogame distraction for children undergoing experimentally induced cold pressor pain and examined the role of avoidant and approach coping style as a moderator of VR distraction effectiveness. Sixty-two children (6-13 years old) underwent a baseline cold pressor trial followed by two cold pressor trials in which interactive videogame distraction was delivered both with and without a VR helmet in counterbalanced order. As predicted, children demonstrated significant improvement in pain tolerance during both interactive videogame distraction conditions.

Maternal intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety, and adherence with food challenge referrals.

Anxiety regarding food challenges may serve an important role in parents' decisions to adhere to their child's food challenge referrals. This study examined the role of intolerance of uncertainty in food challenge referral adherence by assessing state/trait anxiety among mothers whose children were referred for a food challenge. Mothers whose children passed a food challenge reported significant decreases in anxiety regarding allergic reactions, but intolerance of uncertainty did not predict adherence.

Interactive versus passive distraction for acute pain management in young children: the role of selective attention and development.

Objective: To examine whether age and developmental differences in selective attention influence young children's differential responses to interactive and passive distraction.

Methods: 65 3- to 6-year-old children underwent three cold-pressor trials while receiving no intervention, playing a video game (interactive distraction), or watching a video game (passive distraction). In addition, children completed a test of selective attention, and parents completed ratings of attention.

The effects of interactive and passive distraction on cold pressor pain in preschool-aged children.

Objective: Using a mixed model design, this study examined the effects of interactive versus passive distraction on healthy preschool-aged children's cold pressor pain tolerance.

Methods: Sixty-one children aged 3-5 years were randomly assigned to one of the following: interactive distraction, passive distraction, or no distraction control. Participants underwent a baseline cold pressor trial followed by interactive distraction trial, passive distraction trial, or second baseline trial.

Virtual-reality distraction and cold-pressor pain tolerance: does avatar point of view matter?

This study tested the effects of distraction using virtual-reality (VR) technology on acute pain tolerance in young adults. Forty-one undergraduate students, aged 18-23 years, used a VR head-mounted display helmet, steering wheel, and foot pedal to play an auto racing video game while undergoing exposure to very cold water (cold pressor set at 1 °C). Two different game views were tested that were hypothesized to affect the degree to which participants felt "present" in the virtual environment: a first-person view, in which the participant saw the virtual environment through the eyes of the game character being manipulated; and a third-person view, in which the participant viewed the game character from a distance.

Videogame distraction using virtual reality technology for children experiencing cold pressor pain: the role of cognitive processing.

Objective: This study examined whether increasing the demand for central cognitive processing involved in a distraction task, by involving the child in ongoing, effortful interaction with the distraction stimulus, would increase children's tolerance for cold pressor pain.

Methods: Seventy-nine children ages 6-15 years underwent a baseline cold pressor trial followed by two cold pressor trials in which they received interactive distraction (i.e.

Effects of videogame distraction and a virtual reality type head-mounted display helmet on cold pressor pain in young elementary school-aged children.

Objective: This study examined the effects of videogame distraction and a virtual reality (VR) type head-mounted display helmet for children undergoing cold pressor pain.

Methods: Fifty children between the ages of 6 and 10 years underwent a baseline cold pressor trial followed by two cold pressor trials in which interactive videogame distraction was delivered via a VR helmet or without a VR helmet in counterbalanced order.

Results: As expected, children demonstrated significant improvements in pain threshold and pain tolerance during both distraction conditions.

Sustained efficacy of virtual reality distraction.

Unlabelled: The current study tested whether the effectiveness of distraction using virtual reality (VR) technology in reducing cold pressor pain would maintain over the course of 8 weekly exposures. Twenty-eight adults, 18 to 23 years of age, underwent 1 baseline cold pressor trial and 1 VR distraction trial in randomized order each week. VR distraction led to significant increases in pain threshold and pain tolerance and significant decreases in pain intensity, time spent thinking about pain, and self-reported anxiety, relative to baseline.

Magnitude of type 1 diabetes self-management in youth: health care needs diabetes educators.

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the complexity of the type 1 diabetes regimen and to highlight the essential role of the diabetes educator in safely training and implementing the myriad skills in a developmentally appropriate manner for children and adolescents. A review of literature and a task analysis were preformed and suggest that the complexity of the regimen is often not adequately addressed. Reviewed research assessed the regimen using measures with on average about 25 items while the task analysis contains over 600 tasks.

Perceived history of anaphylaxis and parental overprotection, autonomy, anxiety, and depression in food allergic young adults.

This study examined autonomy, anxiety, depression, and perceptions of parental behavior in 86 food allergic young adults and 344 healthy young adults between the ages of 18 and 22. Participants completed an online survey measuring self-reported autonomy, anxiety, depression, and perceptions of parental behavior. Results indicated that, as a group, food allergic young adults did not differ from healthy peers.

Effects of videogame distraction using a virtual reality type head-mounted display helmet on cold pressor pain in children.

Objective: To test whether a head-mounted display helmet enhances the effectiveness of videogame distraction for children experiencing cold pressor pain.

Method: Forty-one children, aged 6-14 years, underwent one or two baseline cold pressor trials followed by two distraction trials in which they played the same videogame with and without the helmet in counterbalanced order. Pain threshold (elapsed time until the child reported pain) and pain tolerance (total time the child kept the hand submerged in the cold water) were measured for each cold pressor trial.

Evidence-based assessment of pediatric pain.

Objective: To conduct an evidence-based review of pediatric pain measures.

Methods: Seventeen measures were examined, spanning pain intensity self-report, questionnaires and diaries, and behavioral observations. Measures were classified as "Well-established," "Approaching well-established," or "Promising" according to established criteria.

Active and passive distraction using a head-mounted display helmet: effects on cold pressor pain in children.

Objective: The current study tested the effectiveness of interactive versus passive distraction that was delivered via a virtual reality type head-mounted display helmet for children experiencing cold pressor pain.

Design: Forty children, aged 5 to 13 years, underwent 1 or 2 baseline cold pressor trials followed by interactive distraction and passive distraction trials in counterbalanced order.

Main Outcome Measures: Pain threshold and pain tolerance.