Impact of previous gestational diabetes management on perinatal outcomes in subsequent pregnancies affected by gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To determine the impact of prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on perinatal outcomes in a subsequent GDM pregnancy.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 544 multiparous patients with two consecutive pregnancies between 2012-2019, where the second (index) pregnancy was affected by GDM. The primary exposure was prior GDM diagnosis, categorized into medical and dietary management.

Electrical switching of a bistable moiré superconductor.

Electrical control of superconductivity is critical for nanoscale superconducting circuits including cryogenic memory elements, superconducting field-effect transistors (FETs) and gate-tunable qubits. Superconducting FETs operate through continuous tuning of carrier density, but no bistable superconducting FET, which could serve as a new type of cryogenic memory element, has been reported. Recently, gate hysteresis and resultant bistability in Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene aligned to its insulating hexagonal boron nitride gate dielectrics were discovered.

Deep-Learning-Enabled Fast Optical Identification and Characterization of 2D Materials.

Advanced microscopy and/or spectroscopy tools play indispensable roles in nanoscience and nanotechnology research, as they provide rich information about material processes and properties. However, the interpretation of imaging data heavily relies on the "intuition" of experienced researchers. As a result, many of the deep graphical features obtained through these tools are often unused because of difficulties in processing the data and finding the correlations.

Gigahertz Frequency Antiferromagnetic Resonance and Strong Magnon-Magnon Coupling in the Layered Crystal CrCl_{3}.

We report broadband microwave absorption spectroscopy of the layered antiferromagnet CrCl_{3}. We observe a rich structure of resonances arising from quasi-two-dimensional antiferromagnetic dynamics. Because of the weak interlayer magnetic coupling in this material, we are able to observe both optical and acoustic branches of antiferromagnetic resonance in the GHz frequency range and a symmetry-protected crossing between them.

Electrical control of 2D magnetism in bilayer CrI.

Controlling magnetism via electric fields addresses fundamental questions of magnetic phenomena and phase transitions, and enables the development of electrically coupled spintronic devices, such as voltage-controlled magnetic memories with low operation energy. Previous studies on dilute magnetic semiconductors such as (Ga,Mn)As and (In,Mn)Sb have demonstrated large modulations of the Curie temperatures and coercive fields by altering the magnetic anisotropy and exchange interaction. Owing to their unique magnetic properties, the recently reported two-dimensional magnets provide a new system for studying these features.

Layer-dependent ferromagnetism in a van der Waals crystal down to the monolayer limit.

Since the discovery of graphene, the family of two-dimensional materials has grown, displaying a broad range of electronic properties. Recent additions include semiconductors with spin-valley coupling, Ising superconductors that can be tuned into a quantum metal, possible Mott insulators with tunable charge-density waves, and topological semimetals with edge transport. However, no two-dimensional crystal with intrinsic magnetism has yet been discovered; such a crystal would be useful in many technologies from sensing to data storage.

Dendron-Mediated Engineering of Interparticle Separation and Self-Assembly in Dendronized Gold Nanoparticles Superlattices.

Self-assembly of nanoparticles into designed structures with controlled interparticle separations is of crucial importance for the engineering of new materials with tunable functions and for the subsequent bottom-up fabrication of functional devices. In this study, a series of lipophilic, highly flexible, disulfide dendritic wedges (generations 0-4), based on 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, was designed to bind Au nanoparticles with a thiolate bond. By controlling the solvent evaporation rate, the corresponding dendron-capped Au hybrids were found to self-organize into hexagonal close-packed (hcp) superlattices.

Optimal isolation and xeno-free culture conditions for limbal stem cell function.

Purpose: To preserve limbal stem cell (LSC) function in vitro with xenobiotic-free culture conditions.

Methods: Limbal epithelial cells were isolated from 139 donors using 15 variations of three dissociation solutions. All culture conditions were compared to the baseline condition of murine 3T3-J3 feeders with xenobiotic (Xeno) keratinocyte growth medium at 20% O2.

Shape-dependent plasmonic response and directed self-assembly in a new semiconductor building block, indium-doped cadmium oxide (ICO).

The influence of particle shape on plasmonic response and local electric field strength is well-documented in metallic nanoparticles. Morphologies such as rods, plates, and octahedra are readily synthesized and exhibit drastically different extinction spectra than spherical particles. Despite this fact, the influence of composition and shape on the optical properties of plasmonic semiconductor nanocrystals, in which free electrons result from heavy doping, has not been well-studied.

Heart failure disease management: impact on hospital care, length of stay, and reimbursement.

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a major medical problem with significant hospital costs. The authors developed an inpatient disease management program for CHF in a community hospital setting to determine if it is possible to: 1) increase implementation of Agency for Health Care Policy and Research criteria for CHF; 2) improve the quality of patient care, while lowering length of stay and treatment cost for CHF; and 3) maintain nursing staff satisfaction. The program encompassed a clinical pathway incorporating Agency for Health Care Policy and Research criteria for CHF, CHF education, and patient educational materials.