Immunological response of human leucocytes after exposure to lipopolysaccharides from Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Unlabelled: Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a gram-negative bacterium and an important etiologic agent of periodontitis. P.

The effects of the dental methacrylates TEGDMA, Bis-GMA, and UDMA on neutrophils in vitro.

Objectives: The prevalent usage of methacrylates in modern dentistry demands good knowledge of their biological impacts. While there have been several studies demonstrating the effects of different methacrylic monomers on mononuclear white blood cells, very little is known about the effects caused by these monomers on neutrophilic granulocytes. The objective of this study was to add novel knowledge about how neutrophils are affected by exposure to triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), and bisphenol A glycol dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA) alone or in combinations.

ABO-Incompatible Liver Transplantation - A Review of the Historical Background and Results.

ABO-incompatible liver transplantation (ABOi LT) using conventional immunosuppression has been considered a contraindication due to the high risk for antibody-mediated complications potentially resulting in graft loss. However, organ shortage has led to the development of anti-A/B antibody reducing immunosuppressive protocols which have made the outcome after living donor (LD) ABOi LT equivalent to that achieved with LD ABO-compatible (ABOc). The experience of deceased donor (DD) ABOi LT is however still limited.

Inflammatory cytokine release from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to polyetheretherketone and titanium-6 aluminum-4 vanadium in vitro.

Objective To investigate the cytokine expression profiles of blood cells exposed to polyetheretherketone and titanium-6 aluminum-4 vanadium materials in vitro. Materials and methods Coin-shaped samples composed of titanium-6 aluminum-4 vanadium, polyetheretherketone, and blasted polyetheretherketone were manufactured. The surfaces of the coins were characterized using optical interferometry, scanning electron microscopy, and contact angle measurements.

The Immunomodulatory Properties of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate are Mediated by the NLRP3 Inflammasome.

Purpose: The methacrylate monomer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), commonly used in dentistry, has multiple effects on the immune system. This study examined whether HEMA affects the immune system by inducing formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Materials And Methods: Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the human monocyte cell line THP1 were cultured with or without 1000 μM HEMA.

Effects of the methacrylate/acrylate monomers HEMA, TEGDMA, DEGDA, and EMA on the immune system.

Incomplete curing of dental fillings may lead to leakage of methacrylate/acrylate monomers, which may come in contact with different cells of the immune system in oral tissues. Very little is known about the different immunologic effects caused by these methacrylates/acrylates. The objective of the present study was to study if and how the methacrylate/acrylate monomers ethyl methacrylate (EMA) and diethylene glycol diacrylate (DEGDA) affect the immune system in vivo and in vitro in comparison to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA).

Hydrogen sulfide exposure induces NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent IL-1β and IL-18 secretion in human mononuclear leukocytes .

The aim was to investigate if hydrogen sulfide (HS) induces the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent IL-1β and IL-18 secretion in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in the human monocyte cell line THP1. Bacterial production of HS has been suggested to participate in the inflammatory host response in periodontitis pathogenesis. HS is a toxic gas with pro-inflammatory properties.

Sublingual administration of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate enhances antibody responses to co-administered ovalbumin and Streptococcus mutans.

Objective: The oral mucosa of patients undergoing dental procedures is often exposed to residual monomers leaking from incompletely cured acrylic resins. We investigated whether 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) monomers applied to the sublingual mucosa in mice modulate the antibody responses towards co-administered ovalbumin (OVA) or live oral bacteria.

Material And Methods: OVA, live mouse oral commensal Lactobacillus murinus or live human oral commensal Streptococcus mutans were administered sublingually with or without HEMA to BALB/c mice on four weekly occasions.

Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate: adjuvant properties and effect on cytokine production.

Leakage of monomers from dental fillings due to incomplete curing is very common. The objective of the present study was to examine the cytokine profile in cells exposed to triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and the adjuvant properties of TEGDMA. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to TEGDMA (500 and 1000 μM) for 24 h .

Subgingival bacterial clusters and serum antibody response as markers of extent and severity of periodontitis in adult Chinese.

This study evaluated the associations between clinical, microbiological, and antibody activity manifestations of periodontitis in 123 adult rural Chinese subjects with no dental intervention. All participants were registered for full-mouth clinical attachment level (CAL) and pocket probing depth (PD) measurements, and microbial samples were taken from four sites and analyzed for 18 different bacterial species using the 'checkerboard'. Serum from each individual was analyzed to determine the antibody activity against the same 18 species.

Inflammatory cytokine release is affected by surface morphology and chemistry of titanium implants.

To investigate in vitro cellular cytokine expression in relation to commercially pure titanium discs, comparing a native surface to a fluorinated oxide nanotube surface. Control samples pure titanium discs with a homogenous wave of the margins and grooves and an often smeared-out surface structure. Test samples pure titanium discs with a fluorinated titanium oxide chemistry and surface morphology with nanopore/tube geometry characterized by ordered structures of nanotubes with a diameter of ≈ 120 nm, a spacing of ≈ 30 nm, and a wall thickness of ≈ 10 nm.

Liver transplantation with deceased ABO-incompatible donors is life-saving but associated with increased risk of rejection and post-transplant complications.

ABO-incompatible (ABOi) liver transplantation (LT) with deceased donor organs is performed occasionally when no ABO-compatible (ABOc) graft is available. From 1996 to 2011, 61 ABOi LTs were performed in Oslo and Gothenburg. Median patient age was 51 years (range 13-75); 33 patients were transplanted on urgent indications, 13 had malignancy-related indications, and eight received ABOi grafts for urgent retransplantations.

2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) promotes IgG but not IgM antibody production in vivo in mice.

Individuals working in a dental clinic are exposed to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). HEMA has been found to have several effects on the immune system, including acting as an adjuvant in mice and stimulating the production of human IgG1 in vitro. In this study we continued to explore the immunomodulatory properties of HEMA in mice.

Effects on mouse immunity of long-term exposure in vivo to minute amounts of HEMA.

2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) leaks from cured restorations over time. Hence, HEMA can come into contact with cells of the immune system that are present in the oral mucosa and in the dental pulp. In this study, our aim was to develop a model of long-term exposure to minute amounts of HEMA and to record the immunological effects in mice.

HEMA enhances IgG1 production by human B-cells in vitro.

Unlabelled: We have previously shown that the resin monomer 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) affects mouse B-lymphocyte activity, leading to increased IgG1 antibody production in vivo. In the present study, we tested, in vitro, the hypothesis that HEMA also affects human B-lymphocyte activity. The in vitro production of IgG1, IgM, and IgA in supernatants from purified human CD19+ B-lymphocyte cultures, containing different concentrations of HEMA, was assayed with ELISA.

Salivary resistin reflects local inflammation in Sjögren's syndrome.

Objective: To assess the role of resistin in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and its relation to local inflammation.

Methods: Blood and saliva were collected from 37 patients with pSS (duration of symptoms 12.6+/-1 yrs) and 32 healthy controls.

Effect of 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate (HEMA) on the phagocytic and respiratory burst activity of human neutrophils and monocytes.

Neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages (MØ), found in oral mucosa and gingival sulcus, phagocytose and kill bacteria using products produced during a respiratory burst. 2-Hydroxyethyl-methacrylate (HEMA) is a major component released from resin glass ionomer and dental adhesives. Hence, in pulp and gingiva, phagocytes can come into contact with unpolymerized HEMA monomers.

Absence of in vitro responses to type II collagen by splenocytes from arthritic BALB/c mice is possibly caused by intrinsic CD25+ regulatory cells.

Collagen-induced arthritis-resistant BALB/c mice develop arthritis if a foreign protein is added to an emulsion of type II collagen (CII) and adjuvant. The IgG autoantibody activity to CII is increased, whereas no CII autoreactive T cells in vitro can be recorded. In this study, we have explored whether CD25+ cells inhibit T-cell autoreactivity to CII.

Induction of experimental arthritis in BALB/c mice by inclusion of a foreign protein in the collagen inoculum.

The susceptibility of mice to collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) has, among other things, been linked to the major histocompatibility complex class II genes as well as other genes. This study was designed to examine the possibilities to establish CIA in low susceptible I-Ad (Balb/C) mice. Balb/C mice were immunized twice with bovine type II collagen (BCII) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) containing the amount of Mycobacterium tuberculosis needed to induce CIA in low susceptible I-Ab (C57BL/6) mice.

Application of HEMA on intact mouse skin--effects on the immune system.

Previously, we have shown that 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) can bind to protein and that autoantibodies were induced in mice by immunization with a self-protein in vitro conjugated with HEMA. The present study aimed to develop a model for HEMA-induced sensitivity by the application of the substance on intact skin. Female BALB/c mice were painted on the dorsum of each ear with 50% HEMA in vehicle twice a week for 6 weeks.

Inflammatogenic and adjuvant properties of HEMA in mice.

2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA), a common constituent in dental materials, is known to cause hypersensitivity reactions. While the means by which this small molecule causes adverse responses has not been ascertained, we have previously demonstrated that it binds to protein and in mice induces the production of autoantibodies to HEMA-conjugated self-protein. The present study explores the inflammatory and adjuvant properties of HEMA in response to the subcutaneous injection of HEMA and a protein.

Low HEMA conjugation induces high autoantibody titer in mice.

2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) is a known causal agent of hypersensitivity to resin composites. We have reported that immunization with HEMA conjugated to mouse serum albumin (MSA) induces an autoantibody response in mice. In this study, we investigated both the activity and the avidity of autoantibodies induced by immunization with various HEMA conjugations to MSA.

The effect of specific immunotherapy on the expression of costimulatory molecules in late phase reaction of the skin in allergic patients.

Background: Specific immunotherapy (SIT) modulates immune responses to allergens resulting in improvement of allergic symptoms. However, the mechanisms behind the clinical changes are not clear. Participation of costimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells and T cells in the process of antigen recognition is suggested to be of essential importance.

Langerhans cells from human oral epithelium are more effective at stimulating allogeneic T cells in vitro than Langerhans cells from skin.

This report is focused on the functional capacity of Langerhans cells (LC) in the epithelium of skin and oral mucosa, which both meet different antigenic challenges. The capacity of LC from human oral and skin epithelium to provide co-stimulatory signals to T cells in vitro was compared. LC in a crude suspension of oral epithelial cells had a significantly enhanced T cell co-stimulatory capacity compared to skin epithelial cells.

Bystander suppression of collagen-induced arthritis in mice fed ovalbumin.

We wanted to assess whether B-cell and/or T-cell responses to collagen and thereby the course of collagen-induced arthritis could be suppressed by regulatory mechanisms associated with oral tolerance to an unrelated protein. DBA/1 mice were fed ovalbumin (OVA)-containing pellets ad libitum for 1 week and subsequently coimmunized twice, with a mixture of bovine collagen type II (BCII) and OVA in Freund's complete adjuvant. Mice fed OVA before coimmunization with BCII and OVA had significantly lower arthritic scores than mice immunized with BCII only.