3D multiscale characterization of the human placenta: Bridging anatomy and histology by X-ray phase-contrast tomography.

The human placenta exhibits a complex three-dimensional (3D) structure with a interpenetrating vascular tree and large internal interfacial area. In a unique and yet insufficiently explored way, this parenchymal structure enables its multiple functions as a respiratory, renal, and gastrointestinal multiorgan. The histopathological states are highly correlated with complications and health issues of mother, and fetus or newborn.

Evaluating stratified T-SPOT.TB results for diagnostic accuracy in tuberculosis disease: a retrospective cohort study with sensitivities, specificities, and predictive values.

Objectives: To investigate the association between quantitative T-SPOT.TB values and the risk of incident and prevalent tuberculosis disease (TBD), identify risk factors, and evaluate test accuracy.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study followed patients tested consecutively with T-SPOT.

Structure-function analysis of time-resolved immunological phases in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASH) comparing the NIF mouse model to human MASH.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a common but frequently unrecognized complication of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The association between these conditions is multifaceted and involves complex interactions between metabolic, inflammatory, and genetic factors. Here we assess the underlying structural and molecular processes focusing on the immunological phase of MASH in the nonobese inflammation and fibrosis (NIF) mouse model and compare it to the human disease as well as other murine models.

Limb Salvage and Treatment of Posttraumatic Lymphedema in a Mangled Lower Extremity.

Post traumatic lymphedema (PTL) is a known complication of extremity trauma that is detrimental to limb form and function, healing, and quality of life. In cases of complex lower extremity trauma with vascular and extensive soft tissue injury, the risk of PTL is increased. However, many trauma patients are lost to follow-up, making the risk and potential management of these patients' lymphedema difficult to characterize.

Larger recipient vein caliber during lymphatic microsurgical preventive healing approach (LYMPHA) is associated with lower lymphedema rates.

Background: The lymphatic microsurgical preventive healing approach reduces the risk of lymphedema after axillary lymph node dissection. We identified surgical factors of Lymphatic Microsurgical Preventive Healing Approach (LYMPHA) that influence lymphedema rates focusing on the vein caliber used.

Methods: A single-institution retrospective cohort study included breast cancer patients undergoing axillary lymph node dissection and LYMPHA (April 2021-November 2022) with a follow-up of at least 1 year.

Clinical Significance, Species Distribution, and Temporal Trends of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Denmark, 1991-2022.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are emerging as notable causative agents of opportunistic infections. To examine clinical significance, species distribution, and temporal trends of NTM in Denmark, we performed a nationwide register-based study of all unique persons with NTM isolated in the country during 1991-2022. We categorized patients as having definite disease, possible disease, or isolation by using a previously validated method.

Mortality Rate and Cause of Death in Adults with Extrapulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infection, Denmark.

Evidence on mortality rates and causes of death associated with extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection is limited. This nationwide register-based study in Denmark used diagnostic codes to match adult patients with extrapulmonary NTM infection 1:4 to controls. During 2000–2017, we identified 485 patients, who had significantly more comorbidities than controls.

Incidence and clinical significance of non-tuberculous mycobacteria among migrants in Denmark: A nationwide register-based cohort study from 1991 through 2021.

Background: There is limited knowledge about non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections in migrants. We aimed to assess the incidence and clinical significance of NTM among migrants in Denmark.

Method: Nationwide register-based cohort study of migrants with a positive NTM culture in Denmark from 1991 through 2021, stratified by patient demographics, disease localisation, species, and clinical significance.

The role of whole genome sequencing in identifying occupational tuberculosis among healthcare workers: two case reports.

In this case report, we present case reports for two nurses, both working in departments of respiratory medicine, who developed tuberculosis (TB). For each individual case, whole genome sequencing (WGS) revealed only one specific match within a genomic distance of <6 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The subsequent epidemiological investigations confirmed that both nurses had relevant exposures to their corresponding match 1139 and 1704 days before presenting with TB symptoms, respectively.

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This review focuses on the treatment of nontuberculous pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium avium complex and M. abscessus. It covers treatment indications, antibiotic choice, resistance and side effects.

Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, and Ukraine, 2017-2022.

In 2021, the World Health Organization recommended new extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pre-XDR tuberculosis (TB) definitions. In a recent cohort of TB patients in Eastern Europe, we show that XDR TB as currently defined is associated with exceptionally poor treatment outcomes, considerably worse than for the former definition (31% vs. 54% treatment success).

Epidemiology and survival factors of appendicular myxofibrosarcoma: a SEER-retrospective study.

Background: The low incidence of myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) makes high power studies difficult to perform. Demographic and prognostic factors for MFS and how they differ from all extremity soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to characterize a large cohort of patients with MFS and evaluate epidemiologic and survival factors when compared to all STS.

Difficult-to-treat HIV in Sweden: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Our aim was to examine the prevalence and characteristics of difficult-to-treat HIV in the current Swedish HIV cohort and to compare treatment outcomes between people with difficult and non-difficult-to-treat HIV.

Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis of the Swedish HIV cohort, we identified all people with HIV currently in active care in 2023 from the national register InfCareHIV. We defined five categories of difficult-to-treat HIV: 1) advanced resistance, 2) four-drug regimen, 3) salvage therapy, 4) virologic failure within the past 12 months, and 5) ≥ 2 regimen switches following virologic failure since 2008.

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The number of patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is increasing worldwide. This review summarises the global epidemiology of DR-TB and current treatment challenges. Luckily, novel regimens comprising bedaquiline, pretomanid, linezolid, and moxifloxacin have seemingly mitigated the global threat posed by DR-TB.

Lung abscess: an update on the current knowledge and call for future investigations.

Purpose Of Review: Lung abscess is a severe and complex respiratory infection. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent publications on lung abscess, covering topics such as epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment and prevention.

Recent Findings: Risk factors associated with lung abscess include structural lung disease, poor dental hygiene, and ventilator-associated pneumonia, while concerns are now raised regarding the potential of electronic cigarettes use as a risk factor.

Techniques and Outcomes in Microsurgical Treatment of Posttraumatic Lymphedema: A Systematic Review.

Background:  The microsurgical treatment of lymphedema has been well-studied and has been shown to be effective, especially in cancer-related lymphedema. Posttraumatic lymphedema (PTL) is a debilitating condition that remains understudied and underreported, and surgical techniques for PTL treatment are not well-represented in the literature. The purpose of this study was to systematically review all published reports of physiologic surgical interventions for PTL.

Treatment outcomes and risk factors for an unsuccessful outcome among patients with highly drug-resistant tuberculosis in Ukraine.

Objectives: To describe demographics, clinical features, and treatment outcomes of patients with highly drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in Ukraine, and to evaluate risk factors for an unsuccessful outcome.

Methods: Data from patients with multi-, pre-extensively, or extensively drug-resistant TB were collected prospectively from TB dispensaries in 15 out of 24 Ukrainian oblasts (regions) from 2020 to 2021. Treatment outcomes were evaluated using WHO definitions.

Hoof Expansion, Deformation, and Surface Strains Vary with Horseshoe Nail Positions.

Racehorses are susceptible to underrun heel hoof conformation. Racehorses are often shod with nails placed toward the heel. It is unknown if palmar nails restrict or alter hoof deformation in a manner that could promote the development of underrun heel conformation over time with repeated loading.

Effects of COVID-19 on Rate of Injury and Position-Specific Injury During the 2020 National Football League Season.

Costello II, JP, Wagner, JD, Dahl, VA, Cohen, JL, Reuter, AM, and Kaplan, LD. Effects of COVID-19 on rate of injury and position-specific injury during the 2020 National Football League season. J Strength Cond Res 38(1): 97-104, 2024-Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the National Football League (NFL) made changes to its operations for the 2020 season.

Epidemiology and survival factors for sarcoma patients in minority populations: a SEER-retrospective study.

Background: Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated race as a predictor of worse oncological outcomes. To better understand the effect of race on oncological outcomes, we utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to determine what treatment courses are provided to minority patients and how this impacts survival.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of bone and soft tissue sarcoma cases was performed using the SEER database for a minimum 5-year survival rate (SR) using Kaplan-Meier curves.