Unlocking the potential of THR-β agonist therapies: resmetirom's chemistry, biology, and patent insights.

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe manifestation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is characterized by hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and hepatocyte destruction. Newly adopted nomenclature, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), allows to signify the importance of metabolic dysfunction. For which the current treatment options are limited and often associated with adverse effects, creating a need for targeted therapies.

Metabolomics in Context of Alpha-Ketoglutarate and Lactate in Neonates with Birth Asphyxia.

Background: Neonatal birth/perinatal asphyxia is a critical condition that can adversely affect many different bodily tissues, particularly the brain; depending on duration and severity of asphyxia, leading to difficulties and lifelong disabilities. These can be avoided by early detection of the biochemical derangements and prompt intervention. Serum alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and cord blood lactate have been found to be associated with birth asphyxia and may have potential to act as biomarkers for birth asphyxia.

Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) as a potential early biomarker for diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent and chronic, severe complication of diabetes, representing a serious global health concern. Early detection of DN is essential for initiating timely and effective therapeutic interventions and accurately assessing prognosis. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), a low molecular weight protein, has emerged as a potential biomarker for DN due to its association with renal injury and its ability to provide early indications of kidney damage.

Oxidative Stress in Primary Bone Tumors: A Comparative Analysis.

Background Bone tumors account for 1% of all cancers and have considerable morbidity and mortality. There is a proposed theory of increased oxidative stress characterized by an increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that disrupts the intracellular reduction-oxidation (redox) balance which has been implicated in various diseases including cancer. The aim of the present study was to measure the levels of oxidant stress and antioxidant mechanism in bone tumors (benign as well as malignant).

Clarke Error Grid Analysis for Performance Evaluation of Glucometers in a Tertiary Care Referral Hospital.

Glucometer is the most commonly used POCT device and guides monitoring of blood glucose level in both clinical settings and outside. Inaccurate glucometer readings resulting in erroneous therapeutic intervention has critical consequences on patient care. Regulatory guidelines for performance evaluation of glucometers are not available in many countries.

On the varied emission fingerprints of particulate matter over typical locations of NCR (Delhi) - A perspective for mitigation plans.

Source apportionment study of PM using positive matrix factorization was performed to identify the emission characteristic from different sectors (sub-urban residential, industrial and rapidly urbanizing) of Delhi during winter. Chemical characterization of PM included metals (Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb and Zn), water soluble ionic compounds (WSICs) (Cl, NO, SO and NH) and Carbon partitions (OC, EC). Particulates (PM) were collected on filter twice daily for stable and unstable atmospheric conditions, at the locations with specific characteristics, viz.

Role Portrayed by Serum NGAL and Vitamin D in Patients with Bone Tumors.

Background: Bone tumors are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality at an early age. Malignant bone tumors are quite aggressive in nature. Thus, an accurate and timely diagnosis is essential for bone tumors.

Evaluating upper lip changes during smiling and at rest in Indian population.

Context: Smile aesthetics is one of the major goals to be achieved after orthodontic mechanotherapy as it visibly displays the results of orthodontic treatment. Although orthodontic retainers aid in maintaining post-treatment occlusion, soft tissue function and aesthetics, appropriate knowledge of smile changes with age can help orthodontists to obtain stable and aesthetically appealing treatment results.

Aim: To assess and quantify soft tissue changes in the upper lip in vertical dimension at both repose and maximum smiling and to evaluate changes occurring with the smile index and upper lip with age and sex in subjects of Indian origin.

Advances in pulmonary drug delivery targeting microbial biofilms in respiratory diseases.

The increasing burden of respiratory diseases caused by microbial infections poses an immense threat to global health. This review focuses on the various types of biofilms that affect the respiratory system and cause pulmonary infections, specifically bacterial biofilms. The article also sheds light on the current strategies employed for the treatment of such pulmonary infection-causing biofilms.

Comparative evaluation of crestal bone level in patients having low level of Vitamin D treated with dental implant with or without Vitamin D3 supplements.

Introduction: Vitamin D has been shown to play a vital role in bone mineral homeostasis by stimulating the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate. The critical role of Vitamin D in bone metabolism triggered the need to evaluate the effect of Vitamin D deficiency and hence replacement of the same on osseointegration of dental implants. This prospective study evaluated the crestal bone level in patients having low level of Vitamin D treated with dental implant with or without Vitamin D3 supplements.

Chemoradiation in locally advanced Ca Cx: Effect on NGAL levels.

Introduction: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has been reported to be unregulated in many cancers and to suppress tumor suppressor genes like p53 leading to cell proliferation. Studies to report its relationship with carcinoma cervix (Ca Cx) are still scant.

Materials And Methods: Serum NGAL levels were analyzed in 30 patients of histopathologically proven locally advanced Ca Cx at the time of diagnosis and 3 weeks after standard chemoradiation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

A Comparison of Reproductive Hormones and Biochemical Parameters in Hypothyroid and Euthyroid Postmenopausal Women.

Background: Menopause and hypothyroidism, both individually, affect the reproductive hormone profile as well as body metabolism which is reflected in the form of a deranged biochemical profile. It will be interesting to observe the effects on both these profiles, when menopause is associated with hypothyroidism.

Methods: This study was conducted on 30 postmenopausal women with newly diagnosed primary hypothyroidism and 30 euthyroid menopausal females as controls.

Chemoradiation in Lung Cancer: Effect on Levels of NGAL and Vitamin D in Serum.

Background: Mortality due to lung cancer is one of the growing concerns worldwide. Accurate and timely diagnosis is the key to treatment of this disease. Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and vitamin D have been found to be associated with cancer and may have potential to act as biomarkers for lung cancer.

Nanoparticulate RNA delivery systems in cancer.

Background: Drug delivery system is a common practice in cancer treatment. RNA interference-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing holds promise as an approach to knockdown in the expression of target genes responsible for cancer cell growth and metastasis. RNA interference (RNAi) can be achieved by delivering small interfering RNA (siRNA) and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to target cells.

MRI Brain Lesions in Eclampsia: A Series of 50 Cases Admitted to HDU of a Tertiary Care Hospital.

To correlate the Magnetic Resonance Imaging findings and clinical presentation in patients of eclampsia. This one year prospective study was conducted in the HDU of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PT.B.

To Assess and Evaluate the Variation of Mandibular Anatomy Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography Before Planning an Implant Surgery: A Population-based Retrospective Study.

Aim: The accurate placement of implants in mandible requires consideration for angulations of the bone along with the vertical dimensions. The aim of this present study was to assess the variation of mandibular anatomy using computed tomography (CT) radiography and to evaluate the effect of presence and absence of teeth on the mandibular anatomy before planning an implant surgery.

Materials And Methods: The present population-based retrospective study was conducted using 167 digital CT scan images those selected from departmental archives.

Assessment of quality control system by sigma metrics and quality goal index ratio: A roadmap towards preparation for NABL.

Aim: To study sigma metrics and quality goal index ratio (QGI).

Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at the Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, PGIMS, Rohtak, which recently became a National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration of Laboratories accredited lab as per the International Organization for Standardization 15189:2012 and provides service to a > 1700-bed tertiary care hospital. Data of 16 analytes was extracted over a period of one year from January 2017 to December 2017 for calculation of precision, accuracy, sigma metrics, total error, and QGI.

Qualitative Assessment of Reliability of Cone-beam Computed Tomography in evaluating Bone Density at Posterior Mandibular Implant Site.

The success of dental implants depends primarily on the primary implant stability and the bone density so that predictable osseointegration can be achieved. To achieve the desired results, systematic preoperative planning for implant placement is required. The sole aim of the study was to assess the reliability of preoperative bone density of mandibular posterior region for implant placement using computerized tomography-derived bone densities in Hounsfield units (HU).

Levels of neutrophil gelatinase-assosciated lipocalin in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in Indian population from Haryana state.

Aim: To study the levels of neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods: This was a non randomized case control study conducted at Department of Biochemistry, in collaboration with Regional Cancer Center over a period of one year. The study population included 50 adult newly diagnosed HNSCC patients reporting in outpatient department at Regional Cancer Center and compared with 50 healthy controls.

Efficacy of combined hormonal vaginal ring in comparison to combined hormonal pills in heavy menstrual bleeding.

Objective: To compare the efficacy, acceptability and compliance of combined hormonal vaginal ring (CVR), with combined hormonal pills (CHP) in patients with heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB).

Study Design: This prospective study was conducted in 50 women with HMB in age group of 25-40 years. Patients were divided in two groups of 25 each and followed for six treatment cycles.

Updated overview of current biomarkers in head and neck carcinoma.

Squamous cell cancer is the most common type of malignancy arising from the epithelial cells of the head and neck region. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the predominant causes of cancer related casualties worldwide. Overall prognosis in this disease has improved to some extent with the advancements in therapeutic modalities but detection of primary tumor at its initial stage and prevention of relapse are the major targets to be achieved for further improvement in terms of survival rate of patients.

Evaluation of cord blood ischemia modified albumin in normal pregnancies and pre-eclampsia.

Objective: Pre-eclampsia is associated with ischemia and increased oxidative stress, which may lead to modification of plasma albumin to ischemia modified albumin (IMA).

Methods: IMA levels were estimated in cord blood of 30 newborns born to pre-eclamptic mothers and compared with 30 normal newborns. IMA was estimated colorimetrically and the results were compared statistically.