The Use of Flexible Fiberoptic Cystoscope for Difficult Endotracheal Intubation in TMJ Ankylosis Patients: A Case Series.

Background: Fiberoptic bronchoscopes might be vital for the safe performance of difficult endotracheal intubations. However, many hospitals in low or middle-income countries are unable to afford the equipment. We describe the use of a flexible fiberoptic cystoscope, as an alternative to a bronchoscope, for difficult nasoendotracheal intubation in patients with temporomandibular joint ankyloses.