Accuracy of Fully Automated and Human-assisted Artificial Intelligence-based CT Quantification of Pleural Effusion Changes after Thoracentesis.

Quantifying pleural effusion change at chest CT is important for evaluating disease severity and treatment response. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI)-based volume quantification of pleural effusion change on CT images, using the volume of drained fluid as the reference standard. Seventy-nine participants (mean age ± SD, 65 years ± 13; 47 male) undergoing thoracentesis were prospectively enrolled from October 2021 to September 2023.

Ligand Inter-Relation Analysis Via Graph Theory Predicts Macrophage Response.

Graph theory has been widely used to quantitatively analyze complex networks of molecules, materials, and cells. Analyzing the dynamic complex structure of extracellular matrix can predict cell-material interactions but has not yet been demonstrated. In this study, graph theory-based mathematical modeling of RGD ligand graph inter-relation is demonstrated by differentially cutting off RGD-to-RGD interlinkages with flexibly conjugated magnetic nanobars (MNBs) with tunable aspect ratio.

Modularity-based mathematical modeling of ligand inter-nanocluster connectivity for unraveling reversible stem cell regulation.

The native extracellular matrix is continuously remodeled to form complex interconnected network structures that reversibly regulate stem cell behaviors. Both regulation and understanding of its intricate dynamicity can help to modulate numerous cell behaviors. However, neither of these has yet been achieved due to the lack of designing and modeling such complex structures with dynamic controllability.

Emotional regulation and coping strategies predicted trajectories of anxiety across the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health have been well-documented, but only a few studies have characterized distinct trajectories of anxiety over time. Further, whether specific emotion regulation and coping efforts to manage pandemic distress predict these distinct trajectories remains unexamined.

Aims: The study characterized anxiety trajectories across the first year of the pandemic and identified emotion regulation and coping strategies that predict these classes of anxiety trajectories.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by transoral robotic surgery versus upfront surgery for locoregionally advanced oropharyngeal carcinoma: A propensity score matched analysis.

Background: Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) performed after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a promising treatment for advanced-stage oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPSCC) able to reduce the adjuvant therapy administration rate.

Methods: A retrospective bi-centric study was conducted to analyze NAC + TORS versus upfront TORS patients. A 1:1 propensity score matching was used to compare the two groups.

Vaccine Uptake and Perspectives Among Latina Immigrant Mothers in Rural Communities in a Midwestern State.

Purpose: Examine the prevalence of and characteristics related to COVID-19 vaccine uptake.

Design: Quantitative and qualitative data collected at two-time points via phone interviews.

Setting: Rural Midwestern communities.

Remote Control of Energy Transformation-Based Cancer Imaging and Therapy.

Cancer treatment requires precise tumor-specific targeting at specific sites that allows for high-resolution diagnostic imaging and long-term patient-tailorable cancer therapy; while, minimizing side effects largely arising from non-targetability. This can be realized by harnessing exogenous remote stimuli, such as tissue-penetrative ultrasound, magnetic field, light, and radiation, that enable local activation for cancer imaging and therapy in deep tumors. A myriad of nanomedicines can be efficiently activated when the energy of such remote stimuli can be transformed into another type of energy.

A Phase II Open-Label Randomized Clinical Trial of Preoperative Durvalumab or Durvalumab plus Tremelimumab in Resectable Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Purpose: Clinical implications of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patients with locally advanced but resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain largely unexplored.

Patients And Methods: Patients with resectable HNSCC were randomized to receive a single dose of preoperative durvalumab (D) with or without tremelimumab (T) before resection, followed by postoperative (chemo)radiotherapy based on multidisciplinary discretion and 1-year D treatment. Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered spatial distribution analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and high-dimensional profiling of circulating immune cells tracked dynamic intratumoral and systemic immune responses.

Photonic control of ligand nanospacing in self-assembly regulates stem cell fate.

Extracellular matrix (ECM) undergoes dynamic inflation that dynamically changes ligand nanospacing but has not been explored. Here we utilize ECM-mimicking photocontrolled supramolecular ligand-tunable Azo self-assembly composed of azobenzene derivatives (Azo) stacked via cation-π interactions and stabilized with RGD ligand-bearing poly(acrylic acid). Near-infrared-upconverted-ultraviolet light induces -Azo-mediated inflation that suppresses cation-π interactions, thereby inflating liganded self-assembly.

Immunological subtyping of salivary gland cancer identifies histological origin-specific tumor immune microenvironment.

Gene expression analysis enhances proper cancer subtyping, a better understanding of the molecular characteristics of cancer, and strategies for precision medicine. However, salivary gland cancer (SGC) subtyping remains largely unexplored because of its rarity and diverse histopathological and immunological characteristics. This study aimed to determine whether the histological origin and immunological characteristics of SGC subtypes are intrinsic tumor immunity factors.

Real-Time Laryngeal Cancer Boundaries Delineation on White Light and Narrow-Band Imaging Laryngoscopy with Deep Learning.

Objective: To investigate the potential of deep learning for automatically delineating (segmenting) laryngeal cancer superficial extent on endoscopic images and videos.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted extracting and annotating white light (WL) and Narrow-Band Imaging (NBI) frames to train a segmentation model (SegMENT-Plus). Two external datasets were used for validation.

Emotion dysregulation and family functioning moderate family caregiving burden during the pandemic.

Objectives: Since the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, additional risk factors affecting family caregivers' mental health have arisen. Therefore, personal stress coping strategies and family dynamics became important factors in reducing the impact of the pandemic on family caregivers' mental health. The present research aimed to estimate the association between COVID-19 stressors and family caregiving burden.

Direct Care Nurses' Needlestick Injury Experiences: A Qualitative Descriptive Study.

Background: Even when education and the use of safety equipment are emphasized, nurses frequently experience needlestick injuries. Understanding the risk situations and coping mechanisms for needlestick injuries experienced by nurses facilitates their prevention.

Objectives: We aimed to explore and describe the phenomenon of needlestick injuries through the research questions: (1) What causes nurses to suffer from needlestick injuries? (2) How to cope after a needlestick injury? and (3) What are the recommendations for needlestick injury prevention?

Methods: This qualitative descriptive study involved focus group interviews with 31 direct care nurses in 6 groups who had experienced needlestick injuries while working in different acute care hospitals across 3 regions in South Korea.

Two weeks dose range-finding and four weeks repeated dose oral toxicity study of a novel reversible monoamine oxidase B inhibitor KDS2010 in cynomolgus monkeys.

Unlabelled: A novel reversible monoamine oxidase B inhibitor, KDS2010, has been developed as a therapeutic candidate for neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigated its potential toxicity in non-human primates before human clinical trials. Daily KDS2010 doses (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg) were orally administered to cynomolgus monkeys (1 animal/sex/group, 4 males and 4 females) for 2 weeks to determine the dose range.

When suffering contradicts belief: measuring theodical struggling.

Unlabelled: Global meaning systems help people make sense of their experiences, but suffering can violate global meaning and create distress. One type of potential violation is conflict between one's experience of suffering and one's deeply-held beliefs about God as loving, powerful, and just. The problem of theodicy-why an all-powerful and all-loving God would allow suffering-has long been an important theological and philosophical concern, but little is known about how theodicy plays out psychologically for religious individuals facing serious life difficulties.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with transoral robotic surgery for stage III and IV laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas.

Objectives: To analyze the oncological and functional outcomes of patients with stage III-IV laryngo-hypopharyngeal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with subsequent transoral robotic surgery (TORS).

Materials And Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study included a total of 100 patients (median age of 67.0) affected by stage III-IV supraglottic or hypopharyngeal cancer.

Single-Port Versus Multiport da Vinci System for Transoral Robotic Surgery of Hypopharyngeal and Laryngeal Carcinoma.

Objective: Da Vinci single port (SP) has been recently approved for transoral robotic surgery (TORS). Its characteristics make it particularly feasible for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal surgery. We report our experience comparing intra- and postoperative outcomes, technical advantages, and shortcomings of transoral laryngeal and hypopharyngeal resections performed with the da Vinci SP and the da Vinci Si/Xi systems.

Patient safety measurement tools used in nursing homes: a systematic literature review.

Background: An increase in the number of older adults has highlighted the important issue of the safety of residents in nursing homes. This review aimed to review previous studies on patient safety of older adults living in nursing homes, analyze the tools used to measure it, and identify factors affecting patient safety of older adult residents in nursing homes.

Methods: A literature search was conducted using EMBASE, PubMed, CINHAL, and COCHRANE.

Retropharyngeal Ectopic Parathyroid Adenoma Localized by 18F-Fluorocholine Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography: A Case Report.

Ectopic parathyroid adenomas of the retropharyngeal space are relatively rare. Herein, we report a case of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) secondary to a retropharyngeal parathyroid adenoma. A 22-year-old woman presented with elevated serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, revealed during a medical check-up.

Extract Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice by Modulating AMPK Activation and the Gut Microbiota.

(Mertens ex Roth) Kuntze (ST) is a brown alga rich in indole-2-carboxaldehyde. This study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effects of ethanol extract from ST in in vitro and in vivo models. In 3T3-L1 cells, ST extract significantly inhibited lipid accumulation in mature adipocytes while lowering adipogenic genes ( and ) and enhancing metabolic sensors (, ), thermogenic genes (, ), and proteins (p-AMPK/AMPK and UCP1).

Clinical Outcomes of Operating an Acute Palliative Care Unit at a Comprehensive Cancer Center.

Purpose: Acute palliative care units (APCUs) are inpatient services in tertiary hospitals that provide intensive symptom management and assist in hospital discharge for transitions to hospice care. We aimed to analyze the clinical outcomes of operating an APCU at a comprehensive cancer center.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1,440 consecutive patients admitted to the APCU and analyzed demographic and clinical information, discharge outcomes, symptom assessments using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System, spiritual distress, and financial distress.

Characterizing intrinsic molecular features of the immune subtypes of salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

Introduction: Characterizing the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune landscape of cancer has been a promising step towards discovering new therapeutic biomarkers and guiding precision medicine; however, its application in mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) has been sparse. Here, we conducted a comprehensive study to understand the properties of the TME and immune profiles of MEC.

Method: 20 patients with MEC were collected from Yonsei Head and Neck Cancer Centre, Yonsei University, South Korea.

Caregiving Outcomes of Sub/Urban and Rural Caregivers: The Powerful Tools for Caregivers Program.

Objectives: The research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the Powerful Tools for Caregivers (PTC) program for rural caregivers.

Methods: A total of 160 caregivers participated in the program. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to identify latent caregiving outcomes.