Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Human Milk Banking among Antenatal Mothers Attending Antenatal Clinic.

Background Breast milk is the ideal food that has essential nutrients for the normal growth and development of infants. It contains antibodies that help to protect against many common childhood illnesses. For infants who cannot receive breast milk from their own mothers, due to maternal illness, death, medication, disability, insufficient milk production, allergies, or prematurity, donated breastmilk can become the ideal option.

Effect of four different types of vermicomposts on okra productivity and farm income.

Organic based fertilizers is crucial for maintaining soil fertility, increasing crop production, and mitigating climate change. Among various organic fertilizers, vermicompost (VC) has been found to be one of the promising options for enhancing soil fertility and productivity. However, there are limited studies on the agronomic effects of vermicomposts in Nepal.

Consumers' beef purchasing behavior across countries.

In 2022, the value of United States (US) beef and beef product exports was $11.7 billion, and the US was the world's largest beef producer and second-largest beef exporter by volume. Therefore, we conducted surveys to evaluate beef purchasing behavior among consumers in important and emerging US beef export markets, including Japan, the United Kingdom (UK), Germany, and Mexico.

Structural, Electrical, and Optical Properties of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized through Floating Catalyst Chemical Vapor Deposition.

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) thin films were synthesized by using a floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) method with a low flow rate (200 sccm) of mixed gases (Ar and H). SWCNT thin films with different thicknesses can be prepared by controlling the collection time of the SWCNTs on membrane filters. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the SWCNTs formed bundles and that they had an average diameter of 1.

Enhancing co-seismic landslide susceptibility, building exposure, and risk analysis through machine learning.

Landslides are devastating natural disasters that generally occur on fragile slopes. Landslides are influenced by many factors, such as geology, topography, natural drainage, land cover, rainfall and earthquakes, although the underlying mechanism is too complex and very difficult to explain in detail. In this study, the susceptibility mapping of co-seismic landslides is carried out using a machine learning approach, considering six districts covering an area of 12,887 km in Nepal.

In Silico and In Vitro Studies of Antibacterial Activity of Cow Urine Distillate (CUD).

Cow urine distillate (CUD) is a traditional Indian medicine used to treat various diseases, including bacterial infections. However, there is limited evidence to support its use as a medicine, and its safety and efficacy have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of CUD against five bacterial strains using in vitro and in silico approaches.

Possible high risk of transmission of the Nipah virus in South and South East Asia: a review.

Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic, single-stranded RNA virus from the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Henipavirus. NiV is a biosafety-level-4 pathogen that is mostly spread by Pteropus species, which serve as its natural reservoir host. NiV is one of the major public health challenges in South and South East Asia.

Spatio-temporal patterns of human-wildlife conflicts and effectiveness of mitigation in Shuklaphanta National Park, Nepal.

Human-wildlife interactions occur where human and wildlife coexist and share common resources including food or shelter. Increasing wildlife populations within protected areas also can increase interactions with humans living adjacent to these areas, resulting in conflicts including human casualty, livestock depredation, crop damage, and property loss. We analyzed six years human-wildlife conflict data from 2016-2021 in the buffer zone of Shuklaphanta National Park and conducted questionnaire survey to investigate factors influencing human-wildlife conflicts.

Competing Easy-Axis Anisotropies Impacting Magnetic Tunnel Junction-Based Molecular Spintronics Devices (MTJMSDs).

Molecular spintronics devices (MSDs) attempt to harness molecules' quantum state, size, and configurable attributes for application in computer devices-a quest that began more than 70 years ago. In the vast number of theoretical studies and limited experimental attempts, MSDs have been found to be suitable for application in memory devices and futuristic quantum computers. MSDs have recently also exhibited intriguing spin photovoltaic-like phenomena, signaling their potential application in cost-effective and novel solar cell technologies.

Spatio-temporal hydrochemistry of two selected Ramsar sites (Rara and Ghodaghodi) of west Nepal.

The present study was conducted in two Ramsar sites, Lake Rara and Lake Ghodaghodi, of the western Nepal covering pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons of 2019 to find out the dynamics of the hydrochemistry. A total of 11 major ions (Na, K, Ca, Mg, NH , F, Cl, SO , NO , NO , HCO ) along with six on-site parameters (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity) were sampled in replicates from 18 sites in Lake Rara and 13 sites in Lake Ghodaghodi. Major ions were analyzed using ion chromatography including field and procedural blanks to maintain quality standards, whereas on-site parameters were measured by using standard multi-meter probes.

Situation of physical activity in the prevention of non-communicable diseases in Bhutan: challenges and the way forward.

Bhutan is a lower-income-middle-income country in the Himalayas, between India and China. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death and premature mortality in Bhutan, accounting for 69% and 71% of all deaths in 2014 and 2019, respectively. Although the World Health Organisation (WHO) identified physical activity as a key strategy to reduce the burden of NCDs, with rapid urbanisation, motorised transportation, and rural-urban migration, people are adapting to sedentary lifestyles, inflating the incidence of NCDs in the country.

Cold plasma-assisted regeneration of biochar for dye adsorption.

Environmental remedies, including adsorption-based water purification, are now being asked to meet the requirement for a low-carbon circular economy requiring low energy and low material consumption. In this regard, we tested the possibility of regenerating adsorbents via cold plasma (CP) treatment for less use of adsorbents and no washing solution. In the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) using carbonized rice husk (CRH) and five successive regeneration cycles by CP treatment, the removal efficiencies were maintained at a moderate level (∼70% of the initial performance), unlike five consecutive adsorption without CP treatment (∼9-13% of the initial performance).

Homogeneous Elongation of N-Doped CNTs over Nano-Fibrillated Hollow-Carbon-Nanofiber: Mass and Charge Balance in Asymmetric Supercapacitors Is No Longer Problematic.

The hurdle of fabricating asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) devices using a faradic cathode and a double layer anode is challenging due to the required large amount of active mass of anodic material compared to that of the cathodic material during mass balancing due to the large difference in capacitance values of the two electrodes. Here, the problem is addressed by engineering a negative electrode that furnishes an ultrahigh capacitance. An in situ developed metal-organic framework (MOF)-based thermal treatment is adopted to grow highly porous N-doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) containing submerged Co nanoparticles over nano-fibrillated electrospun hollow carbon nanofibers (HCNFs).

Polypyrrole Nanotunnels with Luminal and Abluminal Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets Grown on a Carbon Cloth for Energy Storage Applications.

The structural design of transition metal-based electrode materials with gigantic energy storage capabilities is a crucial task. In this work, we report an assembly of thin layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets arrayed throughout the luminal and abluminal parts of polypyrrole tunnels fastened onto both sides of a carbon cloth as a battery-type energy storage system. Electron microscopy images reveal that the resulting electrode (NiCo-LDH@H-PPy@CC, where H-PPy@CC represents carbon cloth-supported hollow polypyrrole fibers) is constructed by combining luminal and abluminal NiCo-LDH nanosheets onto a long polypyrrole tunnel on a carbon cloth.

Ruthenium nanoparticles integrated bimetallic metal-organic framework electrocatalysts for multifunctional electrode materials and practical water electrolysis in seawater.

There is still a significant technical hurdle in the integration of better electrocatalysts with coordinated functional units and morphological integrity that improves reversible electrochemical activity, electrical conductivity, and mass transport capabilities. In this work, ruthenium-integrating porous bimetallic transition metal nanoarrays are efficiently generated from metal-organic framework-covered three-dimensional platforms such as carbon cloth using a simple solution-based deposition technique followed by calcination. Heterostructure ruthenium-cobalt-iron hollow nanoarrays are built to permit exceptionally effective multifunctional activities in reactions including the oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, and oxygen reduction reaction.

Easy axis anisotropy creating high contrast magnetic zones on magnetic tunnel junctions based molecular spintronics devices (MTJMSD).

Magnetic tunnel junction-based molecular spintronics device (MTJMSD) may enable novel magnetic metamaterials by chemically bonding magnetic molecules and ferromagnets (FM) with a vast range of magnetic anisotropy. MTJMSD have experimentally shown intriguing microscopic phenomenon such as the development of highly contrasting magnetic phases on a ferromagnetic electrode at room temperature. This paper focuses on Monte Carlo Simulations (MCS) on MTJMSD to understand the potential mechanism and explore fundamental knowledge about the impact of magnetic anisotropy.

Heterostructure of polyoxometalate/zinc-iron-oxide nanoplates as an outstanding bifunctional electrocatalyst for the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction.

Electrocatalysts play an important role to increase the energy conversion efficiency of electrolysis processes. In this study, a heterostructure of zinc iron oxide (ZnFeO) and polyoxometalate (POM) nanoplates (POM-ZnFeO) was fabricated for the first time by a hydrothermal process. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) analysis of POM-ZnFeO furnished low overpotentials of 268 and 356 mV, and 220 and 290 mV to achieve current densities of 20 and 50 mA cm, respectively.

The nuclease activity of DNA2 promotes exonuclease 1-independent mismatch repair.

The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system is a major DNA repair system that corrects DNA replication errors. In eukaryotes, the MMR system functions via mechanisms both dependent on and independent of exonuclease 1 (EXO1), an enzyme that has multiple roles in DNA metabolism. Although the mechanism of EXO1-dependent MMR is well understood, less is known about EXO1-independent MMR.

Three-dimensional nano assembly of nickel cobalt sulphide/polyaniline@polyoxometalate/reduced graphene oxide hybrid with superior lithium storage and electrocatalytic properties for hydrogen evolution reaction.

Engineering hierarchical nanostructures with enhanced charge storage capacity and electrochemical activity are vital for the advancement of energy devices. Herein, a highly ordered mesoporous three-dimensional (3D) nano-assembly of Nickel Cobalt Sulphide/Polyaniline @Polyoxometalate/Reduced Graphene Oxide (NiCoS/PANI@POM/rGO) is prepared first time via a simple route of oxidative polymerization followed by a hydrothermal method. Morphological analysis of the resulting hybrid reveals the sheet-like structures containing a homogeneous assembly of PANI@POM and NiCoS on the graphene exterior maintaining huge structural integrity, large surface area and electrochemically active centres.

Practice among Healthcare Workers Regarding the Use of Respiratory Protective Equipment during COVID-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Healthcare workers are always at the risk of exposure to different diseases like respiratory illness including COVID-19. Using appropriate face mask or respiratory protective equipment correctly can prevent transmission of diseases from and to healthcare workers while caring for patients. The study aimed to find out the practice regarding use of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care center.

Molecular coupling competing with defects within insulator of the magnetic tunnel junction-based molecular spintronics devices.

Nearly 70 years old dream of incorporating molecule as the device element is still challenged by competing defects in almost every experimentally tested molecular device approach. This paper focuses on the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) based molecular spintronics device (MTJMSD) method. An MTJMSD utilizes a tunnel barrier to ensure a robust and mass-producible physical gap between two ferromagnetic electrodes.