[Development of HIV 1 antigenemia during treatment with azidothymidine (AZT): follow-up of 90 patients for a year].

VIH 1 antigenaemia has a significant value in the follow-up of patients treated with AZT. This study of 90 patients (55 ARC - 35 AIDS), each receiving AZT for more than a year, 200 mg every 4 hours, demonstrates the prognosis value of antigenaemia at Day 0, as well as its therapeutic indication value. However, at term and under this treatment, the significance of this virological data has to be reconsidered.

[Phenotypes of resistance to antibiotics of Acinetobacter baumannii. Impact on therapeutic orientation].

By studying the sensitivity to antibiotics of 74 Acinetobacter baumannii strains, four phenotype groups were distinguished. The resistance of one of them (11% of the strains) to imipenem, argues against the therapeutic attitudes that now prevail. From studies on the kinetics of bactericidal activity of antibiotics and there association we propose what should be done in the laboratory to provide help to the physician for the antibiotic choice.

Kinetics of interleukin-1 production by macrophages during infection with Listeria monocytogenes.

Production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) by peritoneal macrophages from mice inoculated intravenously with Listeria monocytogenes was measured at increasing intervals of infection. IL-1 activity in the 24 h macrophage supernatants was determined by using the thymocyte PHA co-mitogenesis assay. IL-1 production increased as the infection progressed, reached a peak on the 9th or 10th day and then declined progressively to approach normal values by the 20th day.

Effect of imipenem (N-formimidoyl-thienamycin) on the in-vitro lymphocyte proliferation.

Imipenem, a new carbapenem, was tested for its inhibitory or stimulatory effects on concanavalin A- and phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated and unstimulated proliferation (measured by 3H-thymidine uptake) of murine splenocytes and thymocytes. Addition of imipenem at concentrations of 10-50 mg/l induced lymphocyte transformation in unstimulated and mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. Since imipenem stimulated blastogenesis at concentrations achievable in serum when used therapeutically, these results may have potential clinical significance.

[Profiles of resistance to aminosides of Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

Among all Gram-negative bacilli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most resistant to aminoglycosides. Five hundred and seventeen P. aeruginosa strains were studied.

[Computer technology in the interpretation of aminoglycoside determinations].

Given the difficulty of interpreting the results of aminoglycoside determinations using current methods, we decided to use data processing in order to help practitioners in their prescriptions of these drugs. Our software has numerous advantages. Results can be interpreted even before obtention of the steady-state and whatever the interval between specimen taking and drug administration, which permit different modalities of blood sampling.

[Evaluation of the antibiotic sensitivity of Pseudomonas sp. using the API-ATB-PSE system. Comparison with diffusion and the reference agar dilution method].

In vitro activity of twelve antibiotics (ticarcillin, mezlocillin, azlocillin, piperacillin, cefoperazone, cefsulodin, ceftazidime, gentamicin, netilmicin, pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin) was determined by measuring minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) using agar dilution according to WHO recommendations, agar diffusion and the API-ATB-PSE system. One-hundred and forty-two Pseudomonas strains were studied. Five species of Pseudomonas were represented, i.

[Listeriosis in obstetrical environment. Report on 10-year experience in a maternity hospital in Paris].

Thirty six cases of listeriosis were seen in the hospital between 1975 and 1984. Ten aborted before the 28th week of pregnancy while 26 passed the 28th week of pregnancy. The incidence was about 1 per 1,000 deliveries.

Suppression of cellular immunity to Listeria monocytogenes by activated macrophages: mediation by prostaglandins.

We previously demonstrated the suppression of cell-mediated immunity to Listeria monocytogenes by Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced, macrophage-like cells. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the mechanism for this suppression. P.

[Comparison of the in vitro activity of 6 quinolones on Pseudomonas sp].

Activity of six quinolones (nalidixic acid, pipemidic acid, oxolinic acid, pefloxacin, ofloxacin and norfloxacin) against one-hundred and ten Pseudomonas strains was studied in vitro. Five species of Pseudomonas were represented, i.e.

[Application of a millipore membrane transfer method to the study of the activity of 4 beta-lactams on Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

In vitro activities of four cephalosporins, i.e. cefoperazone, cefsulodin, ceftazidime and CM 40874, on 31 ticarcillin-susceptible or resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were compared.

[Bacteriologic analysis of 150 episodes of septicemia in a hematology department according to the length of hospitalization].

One hundred and fifty episodes of septicaemia in patients in a haematology service were analysed as a function of the date of onset in relation to the date of hospitalisation. One hundred and three patients of the 122 patients were granulocytopenic and 97 patients (65%) had less than 500 polymorphonuclear neutrophils per microliter. The septicaemic episodes were classified according to three time periods: septicaemia starting before admission and during the first 24 hours in hospital, septicaemia occurring between day 1 and day 8 and septicaemia beginning on day 9 or later.

[Comparative bactericidal activity of cefsulodin and ceftazidime on Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

This research concerns the bacteriostatic and the bactericidal activity of two beta-lactams (cefsulodin and ceftazidime) on ten strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa affected by carbenicillin. Additionally to classical approaches in the broth and agar technics, a method of culture on filter membrane is used. The results obtained after a 2 hours and 24 hours contact are reported.

[Oxacillin and gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: surveillance and development over a period of 6 months].

An outbreak of nosocomial infections caused by oxacillin and gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus occurred over a 3 month period in the intensive care unit of a 371-bed hospital. Four patients were infected. S.

[Rupture of the membranes and amniotic infection. Apropos of 3000 cases].

This work shows the effect of a policy of reducing the amounts of antibiotics prescribed, and reports on the effect on the rate of infection in a maternity unit where systematic antibiotic cover for patients with premature rupture of the membranes was stopped. Breaking of the waters with loss of liquor makes infection of the contents of the sac almost inevitable; but we have found over a period of five years that with the exception of certain strains of Group B streptococci infection with bacteria from vaginal flora rarely gives rise to severe infection in the infant. This balance sheet was drawn up: 350 infections of the liquor in 13.

Interference of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with immunospecific host defenses.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important nosocomial pathogen, has numerous virulence factors that may interfere with unspecific host defense mechanisms (complement components, neutrophils, macrophages). Furthermore, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or substances derived from it can inhibit lymphocyte proliferative responses and alter immune responses, especially cell-mediated immune responses as evidenced by prolonged survival of skin homografts and suppression of DTH skin reaction in humans and laboratory animals. Acquired cellular resistance to Listeria monocytogenes is also suppressed by P.

[Leptospiroses in New Caledonia. Reports of 32 cases diagnosed between 1973 and 1980].

This first study about human leptospiroses in New Caledonia reports 32 cases diagnosed between 1973 and 1980. They are typical forms with hepatonephritis in 90 % of cases. Serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae is predominating (75 %), followed by Canicola and Australis.

[Synergistic activity between ticarcillin, azlocillin, cefsulodin, ceftazidime and tobramycin or amikacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (author's transl)].

Activity of azlocillin, cefsulodin, ceftazidime, ticarcillin in combination with amikacin or tobramycin was investigated against 17 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Synergistic activity was evaluated by the microtiter checkerboard technique. The bactericidal effect of the antibiotic combination was determined by subculturing onto agar and into broth.

[Comparison of in vitro bacteriostatic effect of five betalactamins against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (author's transl)].

In vitro activity of two penicillins (ticarcillin and azlocillin) and three cephalosporins (cefoperazone, cefsulodin and ceftazidime) was compared against one hundred clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa originated in two different Paris hospitals. Twenty strains were resistant to carbenicillin at a concentration of 128 mg/l. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by a twofold agar dilution method.

Depression by Pseudomonas aeruginosa of two T-cell-mediated responses, anti-Listeria immunity and delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep erythrocytes.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied for its effects on T-cell-mediated responses in mice, as exemplified by anti-Listeria immunity and delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep erythrocytes. Immunity to Listeria monocytogenes was measured by quantitation of bacteria in spleens and mortality; delayed hypersensitivity to sheep erythrocytes was tested by the footpad reaction. Three different preparations of P.

[2 years of emergency digestive surgery - pathology, interventions and results].

During 1978 and 1979, 887 laparotomies were performed at the Digestive Surgery Clinic of the University of Geneva. Half the operations were appendectomies while the rest were laparotomies for ileus, gastroduodenal bleeding and inguinal hernia. The mortality was low, but exploratory laparotomy, choleperitonitis and gastrocolic ileus are dangerous in the elderly.